Question 1

When comparing the effects of acute and chronic pain on an individual, chronic pain is more often what?

Accepted Answer

A)  The external event that results in a sense of fear
B)  Viewed as being meaningful but undesirable
C)  A factor that contributes to depression
D)  A sense of internal unease C

Question 2

The healthcare professor states that a patient has reached pain tolerance. What further information from the professor is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  "The patient cannot endure a higher level of pain intensity at this point."
B)  "The patient's pain tolerance is much lower because of consuming too much alcohol."
C)  "The patient's pain in one place is higher because pain in multiple other sites."
D)  "The patient now recognizes what is being felt is actually pain." A

Question 3

What does heat exhaustion result in? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Profuse sweating
B)  Profound vasodilation
C)  A need to ingest cool liquids
D)  Permanent damage to the hypothalamus
E)  An increased risk for future heat exhaustion A, B, C

Question 4

Which type of nerve fibers transmits pain impulses?

Accepted Answer

A)  A-alpha (Aa)  fibers
B)  A-beta (Ab)  fibers
C)  A-delta (Ad)  fibers
D)  B fibers

Question 5

How does the release (increase) of epinephrine raise body temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  The release of epinephrine causes shivering.
B)  It affects muscle tone.
C)  It raises the metabolic rate.
D)  It increases and strengthens the heart rate.

Question 6

Which statement is true regarding the gate control theory (GCT) of pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pain gate is located in the brain.
B)  A closed gate increases pain perception.
C)  The brain primarily controls the pain gate.
D)  An open gate facilitates the brain in processing the pain.

Question 7

What is true about a fever? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a complex cascade involving several different systems.
B)  It can be a result of a dysfunctional hypothalamus.
C)  It should be eliminated as quickly as possible.
D)  It triggers endocrine responses.
E)  It is in response to a pyrogen.

Question 8

In acute hypothermia, what physiologic change shunts blood away from the colder skin to the body core in an effort to decrease heat loss?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypotension
B)  Peripheral vasoconstriction
C)  Voluntary muscle movements
D)  Shivering

Question 9

Why does open-angle glaucoma occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased production of aqueous humor
B)  Increased production of vitreous humor
C)  Obstructed outflow of aqueous humor
D)  Excessive destruction of vitreous humor

Question 10

A patient reports loud snoring, fragmented sleep, chronic daytime sleepiness, and fatigue. What treatment does the healthcare professional anticipate teaching this patient about?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continuous positive airway pressure while sleeping
B)  Eventual adenotonsillectomy
C)  Occupational assessment for safety
D)  Administration of nightly gabapentin

Question 11

What is the basis of the specificity theory of pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Injury to specific organs results in specific types of pain.
B)  Chronic pain is generally less intense than acute pain.
C)  The greater the tissue injury, the greater the pain.
D)  Acute pain is specific only to certain injuries.

Question 12

A healthcare professional is working in a health tent at a marathon. A person enters the tent and reports profuse sweating for the last hour. How much fluid does the healthcare professional advise the person to drink to replace this fluid loss?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 L
B)  4 cups
C)  6 L
D)  8 cups

Question 13

A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who was rewarmed after suffering from hypothermia. What possible long-term complication will the professional continue to assess the patient for?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acidosis
B)  Dysrhythmias
C)  Shock
D)  Renal failure

Question 14

Where is the major relay station of sensory information located?

Accepted Answer

A)  Basal ganglia
B)  Midbrain
C)  Thalamus
D)  Hypothalamus

Question 15

Massage therapy relieves pain by closing the pain gate with the stimulation which fibers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ab
B)  Ad
C)  B
D)  C

Question 16

A patient is in the Emergency Department with heat stroke. What finding does the healthcare provider associate with this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Core temperatures usually reaching approximately 39.5°C (103.1°F) 
B)  Absence of sweating despite a high core temperature
C)  A rapidly decreasing core temperature as heat loss from the evaporation of sweat ceases
D)  Symptoms caused by the loss of sodium and prolonged sweating

Question 17

What are the expected changes in sleep patterns of older adults?

Accepted Answer

A)  Older adults experience difficulty falling asleep with less time spent in REM sleep.
B)  They experience sound sleep during the night with approximately 50% of the time spent in REM sleep and dreaming.
C)  Older men commonly experience interrupted sleep patterns later in life than do older women.
D)  Older adults awaken often but with a rapid return to sleep; they awaken refreshed but often later in the morning.

Question 18

Pain that warns of actual or impending tissue injury is referred to as what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chronic
B)  Psychogenic
C)  Acute
D)  Phantom

Question 19

How can glaucoma cause blindness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infection of the cornea
B)  Pressure on the optic nerve
C)  Opacity of the lens
D)  Obstruction of the venous return from the retina

Question 20

A parent reports that her child has reddened eyes with purulent drainage. What instruction by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Give the child soothing saline eyedrops.
B)  Tell the child not to go outside during recess.
C)  Have the child wear well-fitting sunglasses.
D)  Use a separate towel for this child only.

Exam 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function