Question 1

Blake is an accomplished vocalist and dreams of performing on a nationally televised talent show someday.After a series of unsuccessful auditions and remaining unselected to advance in the program's screening process,he tells his parents that he was never very good,he will never make it into the vocalist competition,and singing is a waste of time anyway.Inside he begins to think that he will never be happy doing anything but singing,and that he must be a huge failure.His parents worry that he is becoming depressed.Blake's psychological state fits with the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) biological explanation of depression 
B) cognitive theory of depression 
C) social explanation of depression 
D) learning theory of depression

Question 2

Pharrell's doctor tells him that his depression and sleep problems are related.How would the doctor most likely explain this?

Accepted Answer

A) Pharrell has too little dopamine activity at the synapse. 
B) Pharrell is spending too little time in rapid eye movement (REM)sleep. 
C) Pharrell is spending too much time in rapid eye movement (REM)sleep. 
D) Pharrell has too much dopamine activity at the synapse.

Question 3

Which of the following is a potential cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) Sugar 
B) Food additives 
C) Poor parenting 
D) Thimerosal

Question 4

One unfortunate result of the scientifically unsupported contention that vaccinations play a major role in the development of autism spectrum disorder is that in the first half of 2008,rates of ______ cases in the United States doubled as compared to the rates observed between 2000 and 2007.

Accepted Answer

A) mumps 
B) measles 
C) rubella 
D) shingles

Question 5

A drawback to the purely statistical approach to abnormality is that it might result in very different definitions of psychological disorder ____.

Accepted Answer

A) from one person to the next 
B) from one disorder to the next 
C) from one day to the next 
D) from one culture to the next

Question 6

Critics of the DSM argue that the DSM has contributed to

Accepted Answer

A) the misdiagnosis of schizophrenia as dissociative identity disorder. 
B) a decline in efforts to apply research to diagnosis. 
C) three "false epidemics." 
D) in increase in the prevalence of self-diagnosis of psychological disorders.

Question 7

Who,of the following,falls within the group most likely to have the lowest rate of bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) Adrien,from Germany,who eats lots of boiled vegetables such as cabbage 
B) Daniel,from Korea,whose family has always eaten a lot of fish 
C) Jeff,a Canadian,who has been taking omega-3 supplements for over 2 years 
D) Roberto,from Italy,who enjoys tomatoes in any form

Question 8

For this essay,choose either obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)as a topic.Provide a brief description of the disorder.Then give an explanation of the disorder from each of the following three categories: biological,learning,and social/cultural.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For this essay,choose either obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)or...

Question 9

Research on individuals with antisocial parents suggests a genetic contribution to antisocial personality disorder.Of the following,who exemplifies a survival advantage that might be related to this disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) Gwen,who is a highly productive research scientist 
B) Lance,who is adept at plumbing and related skills 
C) Elaine,who has the potential to be a professional opera singer 
D) Art,who is a decorated hero of the Iraq war

Question 10

Psychologists find that agreeing on the differences between typical and abnormal behaviors is surprisingly difficult.However,deciding that an individual's behaviors and mental processes are abnormal is essential because ____.

Accepted Answer

A) it provides a benchmark for statistical analysis of these behaviors 
B) it is the first step toward labeling that person with a psychological disorder and providing treatment 
C) it establishes a cross-cultural consensus of what constitutes a disorder 
D) it protects society from possible psychopathological behavior

Question 11

When compared to normal non-autistic controls,those with autism spectrum disorder have been found to have smaller minicolumns in the cerebral cortex.Related to information processing,smaller minicolumns ____.

Accepted Answer

A) apply a response to similar stimuli 
B) favor the process of discrimination 
C) favor the process of generalization 
D) assist in language acquisition

Question 12

According to DSM-5,a personality disorder cannot be diagnosed in any individual who is under ____ years of age.

Accepted Answer

A) 15 
B) 18 
C) 21 
D) 25

Question 13

Describe major depressive disorder and symptoms that must be present for diagnosis.Discuss the sex differences in the prevalence of depression and possible causes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe major depressive disorder and symptoms that...

Question 14

What is a weakness of the theory that the interpretation of body symptoms,such as an increased heart rate,could lead to increasing anxiety and,ultimately,to panic?

Accepted Answer

A) Patients are more worried about appearing weird than about heart attacks. 
B) Panic does not increase levels of the stress hormone cortisol. 
C) Patients are not affected by an injection of sodium lactate. 
D) Panic does not increase levels of the neurotransmitter orexin.

Question 15

Approximately ____% of those who attempt suicide show some prior evidence of their intent to do so.

Accepted Answer

A) 25 
B) 33 
C) 50 
D) 75

Question 16

A brain imaging study showed that,in healthy children,peak cortical thickness occurred around the age of 7.5 years,and in children with ADHD,on average around 10.5 years.This finding implies that children with ADHD ____.

Accepted Answer

A) can be expected to lag behind their same-age peers in some tasks but will eventually experience improvement 
B) will never be as intelligent as their same-age peers 
C) can be expected to go through puberty approximately 3 years behind their same-age peers 
D) will never catch up with their same-age peers

Question 17

Body dysmorphic disorder shows a significant influence of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) excessive serotonin 
B) childhood environment 
C) dopamine and glutamate abnormalities 
D) heredity

Question 18

Who would be exhibiting normal behavior under the statistical definition of abnormality?

Accepted Answer

A) A U.S.president (one of 45 men in history) 
B) A Nepalese speaker (approximately 25 million out of over 7 billion people on earth) 
C) A person with an IQ above 115 (almost 16% of the population) 
D) A resident of the United States with a motor vehicle (for every 1,000 residents,there are approximately 800 motor vehicles)

Question 19

Robert experienced a period of confusion as to who he was.During this time he traveled from Edinburgh to Paris under the name of Dan Brown.This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) depersonalization disorder 
B) dissociative amnesia 
C) dissociative identity disorder 
D) a dissociative fugue

Question 20

Concordance rates among identical twins for bipolar disorder are commonly reported to be ____.

Accepted Answer

A) as low as 25% 
B) 30% to 40% 
C) 60% to 70% 
D) as high as 70%

Exam 14: The Troubled Mind Psychological Disorders