Question 1

What is the strength of using virtue ethics theory in ethical decision making?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is consistent with both deontological and utilitarianism approaches, making it easy to utilize. 
B)  It recognizes that good decision making is strengthened by habit and is developed over time. 
C)  It supports making decisions based on rules, which maximizes the overall good. 
D)  It recognizes the dignity and autonomy of persons and that all people should have equal consideration. B

Question 2

Which is often cited as a motivational factor in moral decision making and the basis for moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  altruism  
B)  psychology  
C)  absolute truths  
D)  sympathy D

Question 3

A nurse recognizes and shares with a client  an understanding of the amount of pain that the client is experiencing. What focal virtue is this situation based on?

Accepted Answer

A)  discernment  
B)  compassion  
C)  trustworthiness  
D)  integrity B

Question 4

Which type of moral theory, rigidly applied, would most likely lead a person to consider euthanasia morally wrong, even when it is done to end the pain and suffering of a patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  deontology  
B)  virtue ethics  
C)  naturalism  
D)  utilitarianism

Question 5

What focal virtue is best exemplified by soundness, reliability, and wholeness of moral character?

Accepted Answer

A)  discernment  
B)  conscientiousness  
C)  trustworthiness  
D)  integrity

Question 6

Which concept was first noted in the writings of Socrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  virtue ethics  
B)  utilitarianism  
C)  deontology  
D)  rationalism

Question 7

What is the Kantian maxim requiring that one treat others always as ends and never as a means?

Accepted Answer

A)  the categorical imperative  
B)  the practical imperative  
C)  deontology  
D)  utilitarianism

Question 8

Scenario: In a hospital there are limited organs available for transplant. There are two patients waiting for a liver transplant. One patient is a female, married, with four children; the other is a male, unmarried, and a homeless alcoholic. The decision is made that the female is the priority to receive the next available liver. Which of the following most clearly supports this decision?

Accepted Answer

A)  deontology  
B)  virtue ethics  
C)  rationalism  
D)  utilitarianism

Question 9

What kind of philosophy is a nurse engaged in when debating what is considered good or bad, right or wrong?

Accepted Answer

A)  empathy  
B)  sympathy  
C)  moral  
D)  virtualism

Question 10

Which moral perspective propounds the belief that people can figure out absolute moral rules which derive from the universe and that these truths are superior to the information received from the senses?

Accepted Answer

A)  moral belief  
B)  rationalism  
C)  deontology  
D)  naturalism

Question 11

What is an example of rationalism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Babies are born with a tendency to be sympathetic and this develops further as they mature. 
B)  All cultures will inherently assume responsibility for and care for the weak in society. 
C)  Telling the truth is found throughout all cultures because this value originates independently in the universe. 
D)  Stealing a loaf of bread to feed a hungry family is not bad because the end result is good.

Question 12

What is the term for the Kantian maxim requiring that no action be judged as right which cannot reasonably become a law by which every person should always abide?

Accepted Answer

A)  the categorical imperative  
B)  the practical imperative  
C)  deontology  
D)  utilitarianism

Question 13

During a healthcare team meeting, the physician asks the other members of the team for their input on how best to care for a particular patient, rather than dictating a prescribed plan of care. What ethical theory does this situation best exemplify?

Accepted Answer

A)  feminist ethics  
B)  relational ethics  
C)  hierarchy ethics  
D)  virtue ethics

Question 14

Which ethical theory, when applied, would most likely lead to making meals for a needy family?

Accepted Answer

A)  rationalism  
B)  naturalism  
C)  virtue ethics  
D)  deontology

Question 15

A nurse performs CPR on a choking patient and in the process breaks the sternum, which then leads to the patient's death. Which ethical theory would say that the nurse's actions were inherently good because of the intent, regardless of the outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  deontology  
B)  naturalism  
C)  rationalism  
D)  utilitarianism

Question 16

A nurse notices a patient crying and decides to offer some reassurance, rather walking away and giving the patient privacy. What focal virtue is the nurse exhibiting?

Accepted Answer

A)  discernment  
B)  compassion  
C)  trustworthiness  
D)  integrity

Question 17

A client with cancer is refusing chemotherapy, despite the possible consequences. The nurse caring for this client knows that the client will most likely deteriorate without the chemotherapy. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  personal philosophy  
B)  virtue ethics  
C)  ethical dilemma  
D)  practical imperative

Question 18

What focal virtue is measured by other people's recognition of the nurse's consistency and predictability in following moral norms?

Accepted Answer