Question 1

Briefly differentiate sex from gender,and race from ethnicity.Also,identify at least four dimensions of human diversity (aside from gender,race,and ethnicity)outlined by Dalton et al.(2001).

Accepted Answer

Sex refers to the biological characteristics that define male and female, such as reproductive organs and chromosomes. Gender, on the other hand, refers to the social and cultural roles, behaviors, and expectations associated with being male or female. While sex is determined by biology, gender is a social construct that can vary across different cultures and societies.

Race refers to physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, and facial features, while ethnicity refers to cultural factors such as nationality, language, and ancestry. Race is often used to categorize people based on physical appearance, while ethnicity is more focused on cultural identity and heritage.

According to Dalton et al. (2001), four dimensions of human diversity include age, sexual orientation, physical abilities, and socioeconomic status. These dimensions highlight the wide range of differences among individuals beyond just gender, race, and ethnicity. Age encompasses generational differences and life experiences, while sexual orientation refers to an individual's romantic and sexual attraction. Physical abilities encompass a wide range of abilities and disabilities, and socioeconomic status reflects an individual's economic and social standing in society. These dimensions illustrate the complexity and diversity of human identity and experience.

Question 2

What is community psychology? Identify four respects in which it differs fundamentally from traditional clinical psychology.

Accepted Answer

Community psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on understanding and addressing the social, environmental, and cultural factors that influence individual and community well-being. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration, empowerment, and social justice in promoting mental health and preventing psychological problems.

There are several key respects in which community psychology differs fundamentally from traditional clinical psychology:

1. Focus on Prevention and Promotion: Community psychology emphasizes the importance of preventing psychological problems and promoting mental health at the community level, rather than solely focusing on treating individual clients who already have mental health issues. Traditional clinical psychology tends to focus more on diagnosis and treatment of individual clients.

2. Emphasis on Social and Environmental Factors: Community psychology recognizes the impact of social and environmental factors on mental health and well-being, and seeks to address these systemic issues. Traditional clinical psychology may focus more on individual-level factors and internal psychological processes.

3. Collaboration and Empowerment: Community psychology emphasizes collaboration with community members, organizations, and other professionals to address mental health issues. It also seeks to empower individuals and communities to take an active role in promoting their own well-being. In contrast, traditional clinical psychology may place more emphasis on the expertise and authority of the individual therapist.

4. Social Justice and Advocacy: Community psychology is committed to promoting social justice and addressing systemic inequalities that contribute to mental health disparities. It often involves advocacy for policy change and social action to address these issues. Traditional clinical psychology may not always explicitly address these broader social and political factors in the same way.

Overall, community psychology takes a more holistic and systemic approach to understanding and promoting mental health, and places a strong emphasis on collaboration, empowerment, and social justice.

Question 3

The Head Start program was designed primarily to

Accepted Answer

A)   train high school dropouts for employment.
B)   prepare disadvantaged preschool children for elementary school.
C)   educate disadvantaged parents about proper nutrition.
D)   help disadvantaged high school students navigate the college application process. B

Question 4

Through __________,a mental health professional can multiply the number of clients he/she serves indirectly.

Accepted Answer

A)   hospitalization
B)   rehabilitation
C)   crisis intervention
D)   consultation

Question 5

__________ places an emphasis on counteracting harmful circumstances before they have had a chance to produce illness.

Accepted Answer

A)   Primary prevention
B)   Secondary prevention
C)   Tertiary prevention
D)   Traditional psychological treatment

Question 6

Each October,thousands of sites across the country recognize National Depression Screening Day by offering free depression screenings to interested individuals.This kind of program would fall under which of the following categories?

Accepted Answer

A)   primary prevention
B)   secondary prevention
C)   tertiary prevention
D)   none of the above

Question 7

Compare and contrast primary,secondary,and tertiary prevention.How does tertiary prevention differ from interventions based on a deficit philosophy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast primary,secondary,and tertiary prevention.How does...

Question 8

__________ involves programs that promote the early identification of mental health problems and prompt treatment of problems at an early stage so that mental disorders do not develop.

Accepted Answer

A)   Primary prevention
B)   Secondary prevention
C)   Tertiary prevention
D)   none of the above

Question 9

The goal of __________ is to reduce the duration and the negative effects of mental disorders after their occurrence.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary prevention
B)   secondary prevention
C)   tertiary prevention
D)   none of the above

Question 10

In the field of community psychology,empowerment

Accepted Answer

A)   as a goal is incompatible with the prevention of mental disorders.
B)   as a goal is incompatible with an appreciation of diversity.
C)   is closely related to the concept of locus of control.
D)   all of the above

Question 11

ALL BUT WHICH of the following is true of self-help groups like Parents Without Partners?

Accepted Answer

A)   The success of such groups does not appear to be enhanced by governing rules.
B)   Such groups may prevent/reduce the need for professional intervention.
C)   Such groups serve several important functions for members.
D)   All of the above are true.

Question 12

The movement toward community psychology was fueled by

Accepted Answer

A)   questions about the efficacy of psychotherapy.
B)   the availability of psychotherapy for the poor and disadvantaged.
C)   a shortage of clinical psychologists and psychiatrists.
D)   all of the above

Question 13

Recent reports evaluating the effectiveness of a wide range of prevention programs suggest that we should feel __________ about the effectiveness of community psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)   disappointed
B)   cautiously optimistic
C)   extremely confident
D)   discouraged, particularly in comparison to the effectiveness of early prevention programs

Question 14

Programs such as Head Start and Meals on Wheels are __________ programs.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary prevention
B)   secondary prevention
C)   tertiary prevention
D)   none of the above

Question 15

Race was once viewed as __________,and now is viewed as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the most important dimension of diversity; the least important dimension of diversity
B)   a biological variable; a social variable based on physical criteria
C)   having moderate influence on mental health risk; having great influence on mental health risk
D)   none of the above

Question 16

Terrell is the grown child of an alcoholic who is interested in establishing an Al-Anon group in his part of town.Based on the available research,what role should Terrell assign to professionals in order to maximize the group's success?

Accepted Answer

A)   He should bring in professionals to oversee/manage the group.
B)   He should arrange for professionals to provide periodic consultation to group leaders.
C)   He shouldn't involve professionals at all.
D)   It doesn't matter; the role played by professionals has almost no impact on the success of self-help groups.

Question 17

Dr.Wertheimer is working with a teacher to develop strategies to use with future students who exhibit behavior problems.According to the widely accepted classification scheme detailed in Caplan (1970),Dr.Wertheimer is offering __________ consultation.

Accepted Answer

A)   consultee-centered case
B)   client-centered case
C)   consultee-centered administrative
D)   program-centered administrative

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding community mental health centers?

Accepted Answer

A)   The community mental health movement began to fall apart secondary to funding cuts during the Reagan Presidency.
B)   The number of community mental health centers is currently on the rise.
C)   both of the above
D)   neither of the above

Question 19

The movement toward community psychology was fueled by ALL BUT WHICH of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   discontent with use of the medical model for psychological problems
B)   the general sociopolitical climate and activism of the 1960s
C)   less emphasis on environmental influences on people's behavior
D)   greater emphasis on social influences on people's behavior

Question 20

According to the 1994 Institute of Medicine report,__________ have more stringent requirements,including training in the design and evaluation of interventions,than do __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   prevention field specialists; prevention research specialists
B)   clinical psychologists; community psychologists
C)   community psychologists; consultants
D)   none of the above

Exam 16: Community Psychology

Briefly differentiate sex from gender,and race from ethnicity.Also,identify at least four dimensions of human diversity (aside from gender,race,and ethnicity)outlined by Dalton et al.(2001).

What is community psychology? Identify four respects in which it differs fundamentally from traditional clinical psychology.

The Head Start program was designed primarily to

Through __________,a mental health professional can multiply the number of clients he/she serves indirectly.

__________ places an emphasis on counteracting harmful circumstances before they have had a chance to produce illness.

Each October,thousands of sites across the country recognize National Depression Screening Day by offering free depression screenings to interested individuals.This kind of program would fall under which of the following categories?

Compare and contrast primary,secondary,and tertiary prevention.How does tertiary prevention differ from interventions based on a deficit philosophy?

__________ involves programs that promote the early identification of mental health problems and prompt treatment of problems at an early stage so that mental disorders do not develop.

The goal of __________ is to reduce the duration and the negative effects of mental disorders after their occurrence.

In the field of community psychology,empowerment

ALL BUT WHICH of the following is true of self-help groups like Parents Without Partners?

The movement toward community psychology was fueled by

Recent reports evaluating the effectiveness of a wide range of prevention programs suggest that we should feel __________ about the effectiveness of community psychology.

Programs such as Head Start and Meals on Wheels are __________ programs.

Race was once viewed as ,and now is viewed as .

Terrell is the grown child of an alcoholic who is interested in establishing an Al-Anon group in his part of town.Based on the available research,what role should Terrell assign to professionals in order to maximize the group's success?

Dr.Wertheimer is working with a teacher to develop strategies to use with future students who exhibit behavior problems.According to the widely accepted classification scheme detailed in Caplan (1970) ,Dr.Wertheimer is offering __________ consultation.

Which of the following is true regarding community mental health centers?

The movement toward community psychology was fueled by ALL BUT WHICH of the following?

According to the 1994 Institute of Medicine report, have more stringent requirements,including training in the design and evaluation of interventions,than do .