Question 1

Compare and contrast slavery in the United States with the serfdom in Imperial Russia.How and why was the abolition of both accomplished, and what consequences followed for former slaves and former serfs?

Accepted Answer

Slavery in the United States and serfdom in Imperial Russia were both systems of forced labor, but they had some key differences. In the United States, slavery was based on race, with African Americans being the primary targets of enslavement. Slaves were considered property and had no legal rights. In contrast, serfdom in Imperial Russia was based on feudalism, with peasants being tied to the land they worked on and subject to the authority of the landowners.

The abolition of slavery in the United States was accomplished through the Civil War and the subsequent passage of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which officially abolished slavery in 1865. The abolition of serfdom in Imperial Russia was carried out through a series of reforms initiated by Tsar Alexander II, culminating in the Emancipation Manifesto of 1861.

The consequences of abolition for former slaves and former serfs were significant. In the United States, former slaves faced ongoing discrimination and economic hardship, as they struggled to find work and establish themselves as free citizens. Many also faced violence and intimidation from white supremacist groups. In Imperial Russia, the emancipation of the serfs led to a period of social and economic upheaval, as former serfs struggled to adapt to their newfound freedom and landowners sought to maintain their power and influence.

Overall, the abolition of slavery and serfdom marked important milestones in the fight for human rights and equality. However, the legacies of these systems of forced labor continue to impact society to this day, as the descendants of former slaves and serfs continue to grapple with the long-term effects of their ancestors' oppression.

Question 2

An overall result of the Crimean War was

Accepted Answer

A)  the reinforcement of the Concert of Europe until World War I.
B)  continued Russian expansionism in Europe for the next two decades.
C)  increased involvement for Great Britain in continental affairs.
D)  the destruction of the Concert of Europe and the creation of opportunities for Italian and German national unification.
E)  to lead to the breakup of the Holy Alliance. D

Question 3

Canada largely gained its independence in

Accepted Answer

A)  1802 in the Provinces of Canada Act.
B)  1812 as a result of the War of 1812.
C)  1860 as a consequence of the American invasion of Ontario and Quebec.
D)  1867 with the Dominion of Canada Act.
E)  1848 with the publication of the Communist Manifesto. D

Question 4

Charles Dickens, whose novels focused upon the English lower and middle classes, was the greatest of the Victorian novelists in realistically portraying urban industrial society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The Ausgleich of 1867 failed to grant minorities in Austria and Hungary equal rights and status.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What domestic reforms did leaders in the Austrian Empire, Russia, and Great Britain put into place between 1850 and 1870? Which was most successful at resolving its midcentury problems?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What domestic reforms did leaders in the...

Question 7

The First International

Accepted Answer

A)  failed due to Marx's preoccupation with Das Kapital.
B)  became the largest working-class trade union in Europe in the nineteenth century.
C)  was rejected by Marx as a "bourgeois-dominated institution."
D)  served as a type of umbrella organization for all European labor interests.
E)  led the various revolutionary movements in the uprisings of 1848.

Question 8

What were the major ideas of Karl Marx? How were those ideas shaped by his understanding of both history and his own times?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What were the major ideas of Karl...

Question 9

In 1871, William I was proclaimed kaiser, or emperor, of the Second Reich in

Accepted Answer

A)  Berlin.
B)  Frankfort.
C)  Paris.
D)  Versailles.
E)  Rome.

Question 10

Among the key political consequences of Disraeli's Reform Act of 1867 was

Accepted Answer

A)  the outbreak of mass strikes by industrial workers in Britain.
B)  a large increase in the number of voters and tighter organization of Liberal and Conservative political parties.
C)  the emergence of female suffrage movements in other European countries inspired by extension of the vote to British women.
D)  the freeing of the last British serfs on northern landed estates.
E)  the incorporation of India into the British Empire.

Question 11

The prime minister of Piedmont who organized the Italian unification movement was

Accepted Answer

A)  Giuseppe Mazzini.
B)  Giuseppe Garibaldi.
C)  Camillo di Cavour.
D)  Victor Emmanuel.
E)  the Duke of Alba.

Question 12

The dispute that sparked the Franco-Prussian War concerned

Accepted Answer

A)  the candidacy of a member of the Hohenzollern dynasty to the Spanish throne.
B)  Bismarck's decision to invade Luxembourg.
C)  the French invasion of Alsace and Lorraine.
D)  Napoleon III's annexation of Schleswig and Holstein.
E)  the French seizure of Alsace and Lorraine.

Question 13

Otto von Bismarck belonged to which class?

Accepted Answer

A)  the working class
B)  the industrial middle class
C)  the Junker class
D)  the gentry
E)  the lower middle class

Question 14

Although his domestic accomplishments were significant, Napoleon III's foreign policy was much less successful, as exemplified in his failed attempt to install Archduke Maximilian of Austria as emperor of Mexico.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

During the Franco-Prussian War

Accepted Answer

A)  Napoleon III successfully defended the French homeland.
B)  the French were decisively defeated at the Battle of Sedan.
C)  Bismarck allowed the Prussian army to fall into a subordinate position.
D)  a military standoff resulted between the two great armies.
E)  a truce was finally agreed to, giving Germany the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, while France gained Schleswig and Holstein.

Question 16

How did Realism differ from Romanticism? How did Realism reflect the economic and social realities of Europe during the middle decades of the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did Realism differ from Romanticism? How...

Question 17

As a statesman, Bismarck can best be appreciated as

Accepted Answer

A)  a determined nationalist who planned every move toward German unification.
B)  a conservative but a traitor to his aristocratic class.
C)  a consummate politician and opportunist capitalizing on unexpected events and manipulating affairs to his favor.
D)  a narrow-minded tyrant incapable of mastering the art of negotiation vital to modern European diplomacy.
E)  an enlightened despot.

Question 18

What reasons does the author give to convince the reader that Continental industrialization came of age between 1850 and 1871? How did Continental industrialization differ from that of Britain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What reasons does the author give to...

Question 19

In 1861 the new kingdom of Italy was subordinated to the control of Piedmont and Victor Emmanuel II.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The American Civil War (1861-1865)

Accepted Answer

A)  was ended by the Missouri Compromise.
B)  was highly destructive due to the equal balance of forces between North and South.
C)  was a clear precursor of "total war" in the twentieth century.
D)  did not completely eradicate slavery in all of the states due to local referendums on the question.
E)  led to the adoption of the Bill of Rights.

Exam 22: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Compare and contrast slavery in the United States with the serfdom in Imperial Russia.How and why was the abolition of both accomplished, and what consequences followed for former slaves and former serfs?

An overall result of the Crimean War was

Canada largely gained its independence in

Charles Dickens, whose novels focused upon the English lower and middle classes, was the greatest of the Victorian novelists in realistically portraying urban industrial society.

The Ausgleich of 1867 failed to grant minorities in Austria and Hungary equal rights and status.

What domestic reforms did leaders in the Austrian Empire, Russia, and Great Britain put into place between 1850 and 1870? Which was most successful at resolving its midcentury problems?

The First International

What were the major ideas of Karl Marx? How were those ideas shaped by his understanding of both history and his own times?

In 1871, William I was proclaimed kaiser, or emperor, of the Second Reich in

Among the key political consequences of Disraeli's Reform Act of 1867 was

The prime minister of Piedmont who organized the Italian unification movement was

The dispute that sparked the Franco-Prussian War concerned

Otto von Bismarck belonged to which class?

Although his domestic accomplishments were significant, Napoleon III's foreign policy was much less successful, as exemplified in his failed attempt to install Archduke Maximilian of Austria as emperor of Mexico.

During the Franco-Prussian War

How did Realism differ from Romanticism? How did Realism reflect the economic and social realities of Europe during the middle decades of the nineteenth century?

As a statesman, Bismarck can best be appreciated as

What reasons does the author give to convince the reader that Continental industrialization came of age between 1850 and 1871? How did Continental industrialization differ from that of Britain?

In 1861 the new kingdom of Italy was subordinated to the control of Piedmont and Victor Emmanuel II.

The American Civil War (1861-1865)