Question 1

Endorphins act through the process of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) eliminating the sensation of fear in the brain 
B) increasing the perception of pain within the brain 
C) inhibiting pain responses in the central nervous system 
D) decreasing oxygen usage by the respiratory system

Question 2

Which of the following statements about pruriceptors is true?

Accepted Answer

A) They have been studied more than other types of skin perception. 
B) Like nociceptors, they send their axons up the spinothalamic tract. 
C) Anatomically they are the same as nociceptors. 
D) They respond mainly to serious tissue injury.

Question 3

The body produces endogenous opioids ______.

Accepted Answer

A) to warn a person of danger 
B) when a person needs to ignore pain 
C) when a person needs to sleep 
D) to protect a person from overexertion

Question 4

The dorsal horn is an area ______.

Accepted Answer

A) of the spinal column that receives input from mechanoreceptors 
B) in the somatosensory cortex that processes motor responses 
C) in the cochlea that serves both auditory and vestibular functions 
D) of the spinal cord that receives input from nociceptors and feedback from the brain

Question 5

Muscle spindles are receptors in the tendons that measure the force of a muscle's contraction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

SAI mechanoreceptors are slow-adapting receptors using Merkel cells, with small receptive fields, densely packed near the surface of skin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Reed et al.(1996) studied a patient with tactile agnosia, who had tactile agnosia only in her right hand because of a left hemisphere lesion caused by a stroke in that area.They found that ______.

Accepted Answer

A) when identifying objects by using only her right hand, the patient showed a massive deficit in object identification 
B) even though the left hemisphere was damaged, the patient could not move either hand 
C) phantom limb pain was apparent when objects were placed in her affected right hand 
D) the patient struggled to recognize objects visually unless she touched them with her right hand

Question 8

Endogenous opioids work by acting as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) sedatives 
B) ointments 
C) stimulants 
D) analgesics

Question 9

Passive electroreception is the ability to generate electric fields and then detect disturbances or changes to those electric field caused by external events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

There is a class of receptors called thermoreceptors that signal very strongly at both very high temperatures and at very cold temperatures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Roger is given an unusual object.He picks it up and does a variety of manipulations with it.He moves his hand along the surface to assess texture, he supports it to assess its weight, and he presses on it to assess its hardness.Roger has been engaging in ______.

Accepted Answer

A) haptic initiation 
B) vestibulatory infatuation 
C) haptic reception 
D) exploratory procedures

Question 12

Pruriceptors in the skin respond mainly to ______.

Accepted Answer

A) chemical irritants 
B) tissue damage 
C) temperature change 
D) repeated motion

Question 13

The sensation of rocking that a person often experiences after returning from a cruise is created by ______.

Accepted Answer

A) nautical mechanoreception 
B) the pruriception sensors 
C) the vestibular system 
D) haptic perception

Question 14

Leon is bitten by an insect and starts to scratch his arm.Linda tells him not to because she claims it will make the bite itch more and be less likely to heal.Briefly explain what will really happen if Leon scratches the bite and who is correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Leon is bitten by an insect and...

Question 15

Amy falls into a river and breaks her leg.Despite intense pain, she swims out of the river and walks to safety because she knows if she doesn't get inside before dark, she is likely to freeze to death.Briefly explain what is going on in Amy's body that enables her to reach safety despite experiencing severe pain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Amy falls into a river and breaks...

Question 16

A feature whereby the skin of the body plots onto the surface of the primary somatosensory cortex in a systematic way is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) the regional c-fiber distribution 
B) corollary discharge 
C) the somatotopic map 
D) somatospheric regional dispersal

Question 17

An area in the thalamus that receives input from both the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway and the spinothalamic pathway is known as the ______.

Accepted Answer

A) ventral posterior nucleus 
B) dorsal root ganglion 
C) thalamic pain center 
D) Merkel root relay region

Question 18

The ability to detect electric fields, seen in many species of fish, is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) aquatic haptics 
B) ambulatory inference 
C) voltaic perception 
D) electroreception

Question 19

Emmi has not been feeling well.Suddenly, she is unable to stand or keep her balance, and she can barely hear.Fearing something terrible, she goes to the doctor, who tells her she simply has a cold that is affecting her vestibular system.Briefly describe how Emmi's vestibular system is connected to a cold.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Emmi has not been feeling well.Suddenly, she...

Question 20

Select all that apply.Which of the following are hypotheses used to explain the relation of itching to scratching?

Accepted Answer

A) We scratch to remove the possible irritant that may be bothering us. 
B) Scratching is a naturally pleasurable experience, which then masks the itch. 
C) Scratching is a natural reaction to severe pain, which is how the body perceives an itch. 
D) Tissue damage caused by scratching initiates an autoimmune response, which acts to reduce the risk caused by the original irritant.

Exam 14: Touch and Pain

Endorphins act through the process of ______.

Which of the following statements about pruriceptors is true?

The body produces endogenous opioids ______.

The dorsal horn is an area ______.

Muscle spindles are receptors in the tendons that measure the force of a muscle's contraction.

SAI mechanoreceptors are slow-adapting receptors using Merkel cells, with small receptive fields, densely packed near the surface of skin.

Reed et al.(1996) studied a patient with tactile agnosia, who had tactile agnosia only in her right hand because of a left hemisphere lesion caused by a stroke in that area.They found that ______.

Endogenous opioids work by acting as ______.

Passive electroreception is the ability to generate electric fields and then detect disturbances or changes to those electric field caused by external events.

There is a class of receptors called thermoreceptors that signal very strongly at both very high temperatures and at very cold temperatures.

Roger is given an unusual object.He picks it up and does a variety of manipulations with it.He moves his hand along the surface to assess texture, he supports it to assess its weight, and he presses on it to assess its hardness.Roger has been engaging in ______.

Pruriceptors in the skin respond mainly to ______.

The sensation of rocking that a person often experiences after returning from a cruise is created by ______.

Leon is bitten by an insect and starts to scratch his arm.Linda tells him not to because she claims it will make the bite itch more and be less likely to heal.Briefly explain what will really happen if Leon scratches the bite and who is correct.

A feature whereby the skin of the body plots onto the surface of the primary somatosensory cortex in a systematic way is known as ______.

An area in the thalamus that receives input from both the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway and the spinothalamic pathway is known as the ______.

The ability to detect electric fields, seen in many species of fish, is known as ______.

Select all that apply.Which of the following are hypotheses used to explain the relation of itching to scratching?