Question 1

Exhibit 13-8.Among the considerations for assessing the utility of a correlation are: absolute size and predictive validity, comparisons to other correlations, and statistical significance.Choose the appropriate consideration to answer each of the following questions.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-8.In which would you compare competing predictors of success in a vocational training program?

Accepted Answer

A)  absolute size and predictive validity 
B)  comparisons to other correlations 
C)  statistical significance

Question 2

Why does Cohen (1988) say that correlations between two variables of .5 are "about as high as they

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does Cohen (1988) say that correlations...

Question 3

A correlation of -.65 between test anxiety and college GPA means that

Accepted Answer

A)  there is negligible correlation between the two variables. 
B)  test anxiety causes low grades in college. 
C)  students with high test anxiety tend to get lower grades than students with low test anxiety. 
D)  low grades contribute to high test anxiety among college students.

Question 4

Exhibit 13-5.Choose the type of correlational statistic that would be used for each of the purposes listed.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-5.Used to determine whether a set of variables can be reduced to a smaller number of measures

Accepted Answer

A)  Product-moment correlation 
B)  Partial correlation 
C)  Factor analysis 
D)  Canonical correlation 
E)  Multiple regression

Question 5

Consider the correlation matrix below with independent variables A, B, and C and dependent variable Y $\begin{array}{lccc}
&A& B &C& Y \
A&--&.60&.60&.70 \
B&--&--&.00&.80 \
C&--&--&--&.70 \
\end{array}$

Which of the variables A, B, or C will enter first in a stepwise multiple regression equation?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  cannot tell from the data given

Question 6

The Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient is used to measure the

Accepted Answer

A)  magnitude of the curvilinear relationship between two variables. 
B)  linearity of the relationship between two variables. 
C)  direction of the curvilinear relationship between two variables. 
D)  magnitude and direction of the linear relationship between two variables.

Question 7

An advantage of correlational studies is that they

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on an individual or small groups in depth. 
B)  isolate cause-effect relationships between variables. 
C)  indicate the strength of relationship between variables. 
D)  provide for control of extraneous variables.

Question 8

In a prediction study, the standard error of estimate was equal to 6.What percentage of the actual Y scores will be within 6 points of the predicted Y scores?

Accepted Answer

A)  16 
B)  50 
C)  68 
D)  95 
E)  99

Question 9

In testing the hypothesis that the correlation parameter is zero, the critical value of r decreases as sample size

Accepted Answer

A)  increases. 
B)  decreases. 
C)  remains constant.

Question 10

In which college would you expect the correlation between aptitude test score and gradepoint average to be greatest? $\begin{array}{ll}
&&\underline {\text { College }}\
&\text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C }\
\text {Mean Aptitude } &650 & 775&800 \
\text { Standard Deviation } &71 & 80&68
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

A)  College A 
B)  College B 
C)  College C

Question 11

Exhibit 13-5.Choose the type of correlational statistic that would be used for each of the purposes listed.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-5.Used to describe the relationship between two variables measured on an interval scale

Accepted Answer

A)  Product-moment correlation 
B)  Partial correlation 
C)  Factor analysis 
D)  Canonical correlation 
E)  Multiple regression

Question 12

In which college would you expect the correlation between a verbal aptitude score and grade-point average to be highest? College
$\begin{array}{lccr} 
& College  & \
&\text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } \
\text { Mean verbal score } &  510 &520 &528\
\text { Standard deviation } & 10 & 12 & 8 \

\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

A) College A 
B) College B 
C) College C

Question 13

What is a spurious correlation? Discuss some of the factors that would result in a spurious correlation coefficient.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a spurious correlation? Discuss some...

Question 14

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between high school GPA rank and rank on a popularity measure.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pearson's r 
B)  Spearman rho 
C)  phi coefficient

Question 15

Which of the following statistics is most important in the calculation of test validity and reliability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Standard error of estimate 
B)  Coefficient of correlation 
C)  Median 
D)  Percentile 
E)  Standard deviation

Question 16

Exhibit 13-6: A researcher collects the following measures on a sample of college students: scores on the SAT and the ACT, scores on an English composition test, high school class rank, scores on a noncognitive measure, whether or not students successfully completed the first year of college (pass-fail), and their GPA.Choose the statistical procedures that the researcher should use to answer the following questions.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-6.What is the correlation between the noncognitive measure and college GPA after the influence of SAT on both variables has been removed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Partial correlation 
B)  Factor analysis 
C)  Multiple regression 
D)  Discriminant analysis 
E)  Product-moment correlation

Question 17

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between male or female responses on a survey item answered "yes" or "no."

Accepted Answer

A)  Pearson's r 
B)  Spearman rho 
C)  phi coefficient

Question 18

Structural equation modeling

Accepted Answer

A)  is used in the analysis of causality 
B)  begins with factor analysis 
C)  employs path analysis 
D)  is very complex and data intensive 
E)  All of these are true.

Question 19

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between achievement test and intelligence test scores.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pearson's r 
B)  Spearman rho 
C)  phi coefficient

Question 20

Exhibit 13-2: Choose the correlation coefficient that matches the following types of scales.
-Refer to Exhibit 13-2.Both variables are genuinely dichotomous (nominal).

Accepted Answer

A)  Pearson's r 
B)  Spearman rho 
C)  phi coefficient

Exam 13: Correlation Research

Why does Cohen (1988) say that correlations between two variables of .5 are "about as high as they

A correlation of -.65 between test anxiety and college GPA means that

Exhibit 13-5.Choose the type of correlational statistic that would be used for each of the purposes listed. -Refer to Exhibit 13-5.Used to determine whether a set of variables can be reduced to a smaller number of measures

Consider the correlation matrix below with independent variables A, B, and C and dependent variable Y $\begin{array}{lccc}&A& B &C& Y \\A&--&.60&.60&.70 \\B&--&--&.00&.80 \\C&--&--&--&.70 \\\end{array}$ Which of the variables A, B, or C will enter first in a stepwise multiple regression equation?

The Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient is used to measure the

An advantage of correlational studies is that they

In a prediction study, the standard error of estimate was equal to 6.What percentage of the actual Y scores will be within 6 points of the predicted Y scores?

In testing the hypothesis that the correlation parameter is zero, the critical value of r decreases as sample size

Exhibit 13-5.Choose the type of correlational statistic that would be used for each of the purposes listed. -Refer to Exhibit 13-5.Used to describe the relationship between two variables measured on an interval scale

What is a spurious correlation? Discuss some of the factors that would result in a spurious correlation coefficient.

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems. -Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between high school GPA rank and rank on a popularity measure.

Which of the following statistics is most important in the calculation of test validity and reliability?

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems. -Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between male or female responses on a survey item answered "yes" or "no."

Structural equation modeling

Exhibit 13-1: Identify the kind of correlation appropriate for use in solving each of the following problems. -Refer to Exhibit 13-1.To find the relationship between achievement test and intelligence test scores.

Exhibit 13-2: Choose the correlation coefficient that matches the following types of scales. -Refer to Exhibit 13-2.Both variables are genuinely dichotomous (nominal) .