Question 1

A teacher wishes to compare the effectiveness of two reading instructional programs for third graders.She carries out an experimental study in which one group receives one program and the second group receives the other program.What kind of measurement tool would you recommend to measure the outcome of this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Verbal aptitude test 
B)  Reading readiness test 
C)  Reading achievement test 
D)  Rating scale

Question 2

Consider the following data from a 40-item math skills test administered to three groups of elementary school students. $\begin{array}{ll}
\text { Age Group } & \text { Mean Score } \
3rd & 32.1 \
4th  & 37.5 \
4 \text { th } & 39.3
\end{array}$
Interpretation of these data for 5th graders may be limited by the test's

Accepted Answer

A)  baseline effect. 
B)  discrimination effect. 
C)  ceiling effect. 
D)  floor effect.

Question 3

"Objectivity" as it refers to measuring instruments means

Accepted Answer

A)  adequacy of sampling. 
B)  relationship to a criterion. 
C)  freedom from scorer opinions. 
D)  accuracy of prediction. 
E)  availability of norms.

Question 4

A researcher investigating a teacher's use of positive reinforcement in the classroom observed the classroom in five-minute cycles and recorded the number of instances of positive reinforcement during the cycle.The researcher was using

Accepted Answer

A)  time coding. 
B)  sign coding. 
C)  a situational test. 
D)  contrived observation. 
E)  case sampling.

Question 5

Probably the most effective way to study honesty among children in middle schools would be to use

Accepted Answer

A)  an attitude scale asking the children's attitudes toward honesty in school. 
B)  self-report inventories asking middle school children whether they are honest in school. 
C)  a situational test in which children have the opportunity to be dishonest. 
D)  ratings by teachers on the extent that middle school children are honest in school situations.

Question 6

Distinguish between norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests.For what purpose is each most appropriate in educational research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests.For what...

Question 7

Exhibit 8-2: Indicate to which of the five measuring devices each of the statements applies.
-Refer to Exhibit 8-2.Interpretation should be done only by trained individual.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-report inventories 
B)  rating scales 
C)  attitude scales 
D)  direct observation 
E)  projective techniques

Question 8

Which one of the following items would NOT be suitable for a Likert type scale measuring attitudes toward church?

Accepted Answer

A)  Church services are comforting and inspiring. 
B)  The church contributes to the quality of one's life. 
C)  Church membership has been declining in recent years. 
D)  The church is irrelevant in modern society.

Question 9

Exhibit 8-1: Inventories, situational tests, ratings, and projective techniques are four approaches to personality measurement.To which of the four approaches would each of the following questions most directly apply?
-Refer to Exhibit 8-1.Depend upon the honesty and cooperation of the subject

Accepted Answer

A)  inventories. 
B)  situational tests. 
C)  ratings. 
D)  projective techniques.

Question 10

Situational tests in observational studies have the advantage of

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the probability that the behavior one wants to study will occur. 
B)  ease of obtaining comparable data. 
C)  ease of training observers. 
D)  All of these are true.

Question 11

By using _____ to analyze an individual's responses to a series of statements, one can assess the individual's general personal characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A)  inventories 
B)  projective techniques 
C)  attitude scales 
D)  situational tests 
E)  rating scales

Question 12

Distinguish between sign coding and time coding as used in observational studies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between sign coding and time coding...

Question 13

Exhibit 8-8: Choose the appropriate type of measuring instrument for the given purpose.
-Refer to Exhibit 8-8.To select students for admission to law school

Accepted Answer

A)  achievement test 
B)  aptitude test 
C)  rating scale 
D)  attitude scale 
E)  inventory

Question 14

Exhibit 8-3: Choose the contribution that each of the following men have made to methods of measurement.
-Refer to Exhibit 8-3.R.Likert

Accepted Answer

A)  devised an attitude scale based on extent of agreement or disagreement with statement. 
B)  developed a measure of adult intelligence. 
C)  developed the first intelligence scale for children. 
D)  studied the honesty of children through observation.

Question 15

When individuals score "at the norm" on a standardized achievement test, it means that they have

Accepted Answer

A)  performed at the average. 
B)  scored at the expected level. 
C)  scored 50 percent correct. 
D)  scored at the highest possible level.

Question 16

Exhibit 8-8: Choose the appropriate type of measuring instrument for the given purpose.
-Refer to Exhibit 8-8.To determine how a group of college students feel about environmental issues.

Accepted Answer

A)  achievement test 
B)  aptitude test 
C)  rating scale 
D)  attitude scale 
E)  inventory

Question 17

One of the best ways for an observer to record the occurrence of specific behaviors as they happen is to use a

Accepted Answer

A)  rating scale. 
B)  duration recording scale. 
C)  sign coding system. 
D)  incident coding system. 
E)  time coding system.

Question 18

Which of the following represents a major source of error in rating scales?

Accepted Answer

A)  The large number of traits to be rated. 
B)  The variation in the type of traits to be considered. 
C)  The ambiguity of the trait names to the rater. 
D)  The familiarity of the rater with the subjects to be rated.

Question 19

Based on the type of interpretation to be made, achievement tests are classified as __________ and _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the type of interpretation to...

Question 20

Exhibit 8-4: Select the type of problem likely to be made in the situations listed.
-Refer to Exhibit 8-4.A researcher strongly opposed to inclusion must make frequency counts of various interactions in a classroom with a number of disabled students.

Accepted Answer

A)  Observer bias 
B)  Error of leniency 
C)  Error of central tendency 
D)  Halo effect 
E)  Contamination

Exam 8: Tools of Research

"Objectivity" as it refers to measuring instruments means

A researcher investigating a teacher's use of positive reinforcement in the classroom observed the classroom in five-minute cycles and recorded the number of instances of positive reinforcement during the cycle.The researcher was using

Probably the most effective way to study honesty among children in middle schools would be to use

Distinguish between norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests.For what purpose is each most appropriate in educational research.

Exhibit 8-2: Indicate to which of the five measuring devices each of the statements applies. -Refer to Exhibit 8-2.Interpretation should be done only by trained individual.

Which one of the following items would NOT be suitable for a Likert type scale measuring attitudes toward church?

Exhibit 8-1: Inventories, situational tests, ratings, and projective techniques are four approaches to personality measurement.To which of the four approaches would each of the following questions most directly apply? -Refer to Exhibit 8-1.Depend upon the honesty and cooperation of the subject

Situational tests in observational studies have the advantage of

By using _____ to analyze an individual's responses to a series of statements, one can assess the individual's general personal characteristics.

Distinguish between sign coding and time coding as used in observational studies.

Exhibit 8-8: Choose the appropriate type of measuring instrument for the given purpose. -Refer to Exhibit 8-8.To select students for admission to law school

Exhibit 8-3: Choose the contribution that each of the following men have made to methods of measurement. -Refer to Exhibit 8-3.R.Likert

When individuals score "at the norm" on a standardized achievement test, it means that they have

Exhibit 8-8: Choose the appropriate type of measuring instrument for the given purpose. -Refer to Exhibit 8-8.To determine how a group of college students feel about environmental issues.

One of the best ways for an observer to record the occurrence of specific behaviors as they happen is to use a

Which of the following represents a major source of error in rating scales?

Based on the type of interpretation to be made, achievement tests are classified as and ___.

Exhibit 8-4: Select the type of problem likely to be made in the situations listed. -Refer to Exhibit 8-4.A researcher strongly opposed to inclusion must make frequency counts of various interactions in a classroom with a number of disabled students.