Question 1

Early philosophers suggested that human personality is based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  four different mixes of basic body fluids. 
B)  early relationships with the mother. 
C)  a person's subjective sense of self and free will. 
D)  the sense of being able to achieve goals.

Question 2

According to many clinical psychologists, an important trait, ________, is not included among the Big Five.

Accepted Answer

A)  suspicion 
B)  neuroticism 
C)  carelessness 
D)  self-absorption

Question 3

Match the names with concepts related to their theories.
-infant temperament

Accepted Answer

A) Jerome Kagan 
B) Rollo May 
C) Carl Jung 
D) Carl Rogers 
E) Abraham Maslow

Question 4

Personality researchers note that an important trait, ________, is not included among the Big Five.

Accepted Answer

A)  carelessness 
B)  neuroticism 
C)  dishonesty 
D)  introversion

Question 5

Kathy is always worried about her husband getting angry with her. She feels that her husband will not love her if she displeases him. Based on Carl Rogers's humanistic theory, Kathy perceives her husband's affection as ________, and she is likely to develop ________ in her self-concept.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditional; incongruence 
B)  unconditional; incongruence 
C)  unconditional; congruence 
D)  conditional; congruence

Question 6

Match the definitions with the appropriate terms.
-methods used to prevent unconscious anxiety or threatening thoughts from entering consciousness

Accepted Answer

A) defence mechanism 
B) libido 
C) id 
D) superego 
E) ego

Question 7

Bailey is nine months old. According to Freud, she would be in the psychosexual stage called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  anal stage. 
B)  latency stage. 
C)  oral stage. 
D)  phallic stage.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism 
B)  psychoticism 
C)  openness to experience 
D)  agreeableness

Question 9

A large percentage of Kyle's grade in his psychology class is based on his report entitled "The Psychodynamic Theories of Psychology." What five general elements shared by these theories must Kyle include in order to earn a high grade?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A large percentage of Kyle's grade in...

Question 10

In behavioural-genetic research, the ________ includes the family background in which you grew up and the experiences you shared with your siblings and parents.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonshared environment 
B)  surface structure 
C)  deep structure 
D)  shared environment

Question 11

Even traits that are highly heritable are not rigidly fixed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

By the 1990s, researchers had shown that about 90% of the variation in personality traits is due to genetic variations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Developmental psychologists have attempted to identify the effects of many specific child-rearing practices on children's personality traits. The problem with this line of research is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  parents who use physical punishment won't be honest with the researchers. 
B)  psychologists cannot agree on whether to use cross-sectional or longitudinal approaches. 
C)  parents are inconsistent from day to day and over the years. 
D)  it is difficult to recruit parents to serve as participants in this research.

Question 14

Jessie becomes furious when her favourite hockey player is intentionally hurt by an opponent. According to Freud's model of the mind, her "id" would unconsciously feel:

Accepted Answer

A)  "I'm so angry I could kill that player." 
B)  "Thou shalt not kill." 
C)  "I'm going to tear this program in half!" 
D)  "What, me angry? I never get angry."

Question 15

According to Carl Jung, part of the legacy of human history is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  liturgical unconscious shared by all human beings containing symbols from each of the major world religions. 
B)  womb envy shared by all men, consisting of universal symbols of the "Earth Mother." 
C)  collective unconscious shared by all human beings containing universal memories, symbols, and images. 
D)  penis envy shared by all women, consisting of universal memories of the "Powerful Father."

Question 16

In individualist cultures, the self is often defined as a collection of personality traits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

When child-rearing methods have been studied, researchers have found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  children have lasting emotional damage if their parents use severe childrearing methods. 
B)  parents adopt a preferred method of childrearing and seldom vary it from child to child. 
C)  parents are more lenient with easygoing children and more punitive with difficult ones. 
D)  loving parents who are consistent in their child-rearing seldom have troubled children.

Question 18

The humanist who described the importance of having peak experiences was Carl Rogers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In psychoanalysis, the part of the personality that represents conscience, morality, and social standards is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  id. 
B)  libido. 
C)  superego. 
D)  ego.

Question 20

Secondary traits are changeable aspects of personality, such as musical preferences, habits, and casual opinions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: Theories of Personality

Early philosophers suggested that human personality is based on:

According to many clinical psychologists, an important trait, ________, is not included among the Big Five.

Match the names with concepts related to their theories. -infant temperament

Personality researchers note that an important trait, ________, is not included among the Big Five.

Kathy is always worried about her husband getting angry with her. She feels that her husband will not love her if she displeases him. Based on Carl Rogers's humanistic theory, Kathy perceives her husband's affection as , and she is likely to develop in her self-concept.

Match the definitions with the appropriate terms. -methods used to prevent unconscious anxiety or threatening thoughts from entering consciousness

Bailey is nine months old. According to Freud, she would be in the psychosexual stage called the:

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

A large percentage of Kyle's grade in his psychology class is based on his report entitled "The Psychodynamic Theories of Psychology." What five general elements shared by these theories must Kyle include in order to earn a high grade?

In behavioural-genetic research, the ________ includes the family background in which you grew up and the experiences you shared with your siblings and parents.

Even traits that are highly heritable are not rigidly fixed.

By the 1990s, researchers had shown that about 90% of the variation in personality traits is due to genetic variations.

Developmental psychologists have attempted to identify the effects of many specific child-rearing practices on children's personality traits. The problem with this line of research is that:

Jessie becomes furious when her favourite hockey player is intentionally hurt by an opponent. According to Freud's model of the mind, her "id" would unconsciously feel:

According to Carl Jung, part of the legacy of human history is a:

In individualist cultures, the self is often defined as a collection of personality traits.

When child-rearing methods have been studied, researchers have found that:

The humanist who described the importance of having peak experiences was Carl Rogers.

In psychoanalysis, the part of the personality that represents conscience, morality, and social standards is called the:

Secondary traits are changeable aspects of personality, such as musical preferences, habits, and casual opinions.