Question 1

An implication one can derive from cross-cultural research on the fundamental attribution error is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  dispositional and situational biases are culturally shaped. 
B)  situational biases are innate. 
C)  children respond with a situational bias, which become dispositional in adulthood. 
D)  dispositional biases are innate.

Question 2

The belief that your own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  acculturation. 
B)  ethnocentrism. 
C)  stereotyping. 
D)  ethnic separatism.

Question 3

Match these definitions with the terms they define.
-A given social position that is governed by a set of norms for proper behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) social identity 
B) social roles 
C) social cognition 
D) social norms 
E) culture

Question 4

Routinization is the process of defining an activity in terms of routine duties and roles so that the behaviour becomes normalized, with little opportunity to ask ethical questions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

When the social psychologists who designed the two-week prison study decided to end it after six days, most of the guards were disappointed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a reason people obey an authority figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  becoming entrapped 
B)  allocating responsibility to the authority 
C)  accepting moral responsibility 
D)  wanting to be polite

Question 7

Results of Stanley Milgram's study on obedience showed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  about two-thirds of the subjects stopped delivering shocks when the learner first demanded to be free. 
B)  about two-thirds of the subjects, from all ages and from all walks of life, obeyed to the fullest extent. 
C)  about 90% of the older adults and about 60% of the students stopped administering shocks even though the experimenter said, "The experiment requires that you continue." 
D)  almost 90% of the women and about 60% of the men stopped administering shocks even though the experimenter said, "The experiment requires that you continue."

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions that is necessary before prejudice and conflict between groups can be lessened?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both sides must have the chance to work and socialize together. 
B)  Both sides must work together for a common goal. 
C)  Both sides must have equal legal status and power. 
D)  Both sides must initiate moral conversions among their members.

Question 9

What is meant by the term ethnocentrism? Give one example to illustrate this term.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is meant by the term ethnocentrism?...

Question 10

Before Milgram's study on obedience began, psychiatrists predicted that one person in ten would administer the highest voltage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In the Stanford prison study, male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. The researchers found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  since the study was conducted in an unused wing of a real prison, the realistic atmosphere enhanced the role behaviour of prisoners and guards. 
B)  within a short time the prisoners became distressed and panicky, developing emotional symptoms and physical ailments. 
C)  about 5% of the guards became tyrannical, giving the prisoners electric shocks when they were slow in obeying. 
D)  90% of the guards tried to be "tough but fair" and demanded that the tyrannical guards lighten up on the prisoners because it was only an experiment.

Question 12

The philosopher Hannah Arendt, when covering the trial of Adolf Eichmann, used the phrase "the banality of evil" to explain how this Nazi officer supervised the deportation and death of millions of Jews. What did she mean by this phrase?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The philosopher Hannah Arendt, when covering the...

Question 13

The just-world hypothesis leads to a dispositional attribution called "blaming the victim."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Doni enters an elevator and she continues facing the back instead of turning around to face the elevator door. In this example,

Accepted Answer

A)  Doni has violated a role. 
B)  Doni has violated a stereotype. 
C)  Doni has violated a norm. 
D)  Doni has violated her gender role.

Question 15

Match these definitions with the terms they define.
-the tendency, in explaining one's own behaviour, to take credit for one's good actions and rationalize one's mistakes

Accepted Answer

A) Fundamental attribution error 
B) Self-serving bias 
C) Just-world hypothesis 
D) Cognitive dissonance 
E) Entrapment

Question 16

In Milgram's study, participants were supposed to begin the "punishment" with very small shocks and gradually increase the voltage. This would be a good example of what is meant by:

Accepted Answer

A)  becoming entrapped. 
B)  handing responsibility over to the authority. 
C)  routinization. 
D)  wanting to be polite.

Question 17

C. P. Snow said that "more hideous crimes have been committed in the name of ________ than in the name of rebellion."

Accepted Answer

A)  religion 
B)  the law 
C)  obedience 
D)  conformity

Question 18

Stereotypes underestimate the differences within other groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Describe the features of groups that are vulnerable to groupthink.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the features of groups that are...

Question 20

Contact and friendship alone are not enough to reduce prejudice and achieve harmony among groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

An implication one can derive from cross-cultural research on the fundamental attribution error is that:

The belief that your own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others is called:

Match these definitions with the terms they define. -A given social position that is governed by a set of norms for proper behaviour.

Routinization is the process of defining an activity in terms of routine duties and roles so that the behaviour becomes normalized, with little opportunity to ask ethical questions.

When the social psychologists who designed the two-week prison study decided to end it after six days, most of the guards were disappointed.

Which of the following is NOT a reason people obey an authority figure?

Results of Stanley Milgram's study on obedience showed that:

Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions that is necessary before prejudice and conflict between groups can be lessened?

What is meant by the term ethnocentrism? Give one example to illustrate this term.

Before Milgram's study on obedience began, psychiatrists predicted that one person in ten would administer the highest voltage.

In the Stanford prison study, male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. The researchers found that:

The philosopher Hannah Arendt, when covering the trial of Adolf Eichmann, used the phrase "the banality of evil" to explain how this Nazi officer supervised the deportation and death of millions of Jews. What did she mean by this phrase?

The just-world hypothesis leads to a dispositional attribution called "blaming the victim."

Doni enters an elevator and she continues facing the back instead of turning around to face the elevator door. In this example,

Match these definitions with the terms they define. -the tendency, in explaining one's own behaviour, to take credit for one's good actions and rationalize one's mistakes

In Milgram's study, participants were supposed to begin the "punishment" with very small shocks and gradually increase the voltage. This would be a good example of what is meant by:

C. P. Snow said that "more hideous crimes have been committed in the name of ________ than in the name of rebellion."

Stereotypes underestimate the differences within other groups.

Describe the features of groups that are vulnerable to groupthink.

Contact and friendship alone are not enough to reduce prejudice and achieve harmony among groups.