Question 1

Match each description with the appropriate theory.
-The theory that dreaming results from the cortical synthesis and that interpretation of neural signals triggered by activity in the lower part of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) sociocognitive explanation 
B) problem-focused approach 
C) dissociation theory 
D) cognitive approach 
E) activation-synthesis theory

Question 2

Hypnosis may be used successfully in all of the following circumstances EXCEPT in:

Accepted Answer

A)  alleviating chronic pain. 
B)  reducing nausea in people undergoing chemotherapy. 
C)  refreshing the memories of robbery victims. 
D)  pain during childbirth.

Question 3

Judith is startled when her six-year-old daughter, Laura, sleepwalks into the family room and begins to talk. It is most likely that Laura is experiencing the ________ stage of the sleep cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  REM 
B)  first 
C)  third 
D)  fourth

Question 4

What is the purpose of dreaming according to the cognitive theory of dreaming?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the purpose of dreaming according...

Question 5

Match each function with the hormone that controls it.
-A hormone secreted by the ovarian follicle that helps prepare the uterine lining to receive an egg.

Accepted Answer

A) progesterone 
B) melatonin 
C) estrogen 
D) anabolic steroids

Question 6

Match each sleep stage with the appropriate brain wave.
-The four stages of non-REM sleep, each one deeper than the previous stage.

Accepted Answer

A) sleep spindles 
B) delta waves 
C) alpha waves 
D) REM sleep 
E) slow-wave sleep

Question 7

The psychoanalytic theory of dreaming states that the purpose of dreaming is to express unconscious wishes, thoughts, and conflicts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Circadian rhythms are controlled by a biological clock, located in a teardrop-shaped cluster of cells in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  corpus callosum. 
D)  occipital lobe.

Question 9

Match each definition with the appropriate term.
-Lasting about 24 hours.

Accepted Answer

A) entrainment 
B) circadian 
C) endogenous 
D) tolerance 
E) dissociation

Question 10

Psychoactive drugs have their effects primarily by:

Accepted Answer

A)  acting on brain neurotransmitters. 
B)  blocking the release of neurotransmitters. 
C)  changing the structure of neurotransmitters. 
D)  binding to neurotransmitter receptors.

Question 11

The activation-synthesis theory proposes that:

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex tries to make sense of random neural activity by creating dream narratives. 
B)  cortex is active during dreaming and triggers activity in other brain structures. 
C)  the activity in the pons constructs or synthesizes dream narratives. 
D)  dreams are active attempts to synthesize solutions to problems.

Question 12

"Mental set" refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the context in which a person takes a drug. 
B)  the personality traits of the person taking a drug. 
C)  a person's expectations about a drug's effects. 
D)  the genetic characteristics of a person taking a drug.

Question 13

In ________, a person experiences sudden unpredictable and irresistible attacks of sleepiness during the day.

Accepted Answer

A)  narcolepsy 
B)  insomnia 
C)  sleep apnea 
D)  internal desynchrony

Question 14

When nicotine is abused, the resulting effects may include:

Accepted Answer

A)  nervousness, loss of appetite, high blood pressure, delusions, psychosis, heart damage, convulsions, and death. 
B)  excitability, sleeplessness, sweating, paranoia, panic, depression, heart damage, and heart failure. 
C)  heart disease, high blood pressure, impaired circulation, and erectile problems in men. 
D)  restlessness, insomnia, muscle tension, heartbeat irregularities, and high blood pressure.

Question 15

Which of the following does NOT support the cognitive approach to dreaming?

Accepted Answer

A)  The dreams of young children do not have true narratives until age 7 or 8. 
B)  Sensory deprivation results in daytime thoughts similar to dreaming. 
C)  As cognitive abilities change during childhood, dreams do not change. 
D)  As the brain matures, the nature of dreaming changes.

Question 16

James has been sleeping for about 90 minutes when his brain shows rapid, irregular waves. His blood pressure rises, his heart rate increases, and his skeletal muscles go limp. Which of the following is the most likely conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  James is chronically sleep deprived, and his sleep, like his daytime activities, is abnormal. 
B)  James is experiencing physiological changes that are normal for the third stage of sleep. 
C)  James is experiencing unusual sleep because earlier he engaged in strenuous physical activity. 
D)  James is experiencing physiological changes that are normal during paradoxical sleep.

Question 17

Describe the common effects of heroin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the common effects of heroin....

Question 18

In Chapter 5 (Body Rhythms and Mental States), we learned that some therapists use hypnosis and other suggestive techniques in order to recover a client's memories of the past. Does hypnosis overcome the limitations on memory presented in our textbook? What does research have to say about the accuracy of memory under hypnosis? Chapter 2 (How Psychologists Do Research) explained different research methods used by psychologists. Design your own experiment to investigate this topic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Chapter 5 (Body Rhythms and Mental...

Question 19

Phillip has been suffering from insomnia for eight months. When he sees his doctor he asks if he might prescribe something to aid him in falling asleep. If his doctor were to prescribe medication, it would likely be a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulant. 
B)  opiate. 
C)  amphetamine. 
D)  tranquilizer.

Question 20

Describe the common effects of marijuana.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the common effects of marijuana....

Exam 5: Body Rhythms and Mental States

Match each description with the appropriate theory. -The theory that dreaming results from the cortical synthesis and that interpretation of neural signals triggered by activity in the lower part of the brain.