Question 1

_____ was the devastating event that prompted Stanley Milgram to create research on the topic of obedience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ was the devastating event that prompted...

Question 2

_____ is defined as changing or adopting a behavior or an attitude in an effort to be consistent with the social norms of a group or the expectations of other people.

Accepted Answer

A) The halo effect 
B) Compliance 
C) Obedience 
D) Conformity

Question 3

When an individual makes what seems to be a harmless, attractive offer and then fills in the unfavorable details only after the person agrees, he/she is utilizing the _____

Accepted Answer

A) foot-in-the-door technique. 
B) high-ball technique. 
C) door-in-the-face technique. 
D) low-ball technique.

Question 4

In Milgram's original study of obedience, _____ percent of the subjects administered the highest shock possible, whereas _____ percent did when the experiment was repeated in a three-room, run down office building.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Milgram's original study of obedience, _____...

Question 5

Audrey has been offered a free, four-day cruise for two just for filling out an online survey. She is thrilled because she and her husband were just saying how badly they needed a vacation. As she and her husband board the cruise liner and leave the shore, all those on board are told that the cruise was really a way to get an audience of people together to hear about a new, fundamentalist religion. Audrey was on the receiving end of _____

Accepted Answer

A) the high-ball technique. 
B) the door-in-the-face technique. 
C) the foot-in-the-door technique. 
D) the low-ball technique.

Question 6

In some psychological experiments, confederates and naïve subjects are used in the research. Confederates refer to _____; naïve subjects refer to _____

Accepted Answer

A) the true subjects; the "fake" subjects. 
B) individuals who are not aware that deception is being used; individuals who are really assisting the experimenter. 
C) individuals posing as subjects; the true subjects. 
D) individuals who are the actual subjects in the research; the "fake" subjects.

Question 7

Sixteen-year-old Elias was frustrated to have to move and leave a high school he really liked. At his old school, he had many friends and the support of his teachers. He found his new school much different and had difficulty finding his place there. Though Elias was an excellent student at his old school, he quickly learned that he would have to abandon that to fit in with the new group of friends that appeared to be accepting him. Because he felt his need for friends and acceptance was greater than his need for good grades, he let his grades slide. Which of the following concepts best explains why Elias put forth little effort in his school work at his new school?

Accepted Answer

A) the matching hypothesis 
B) conformity 
C) obedience 
D) the fundamental attribution error

Question 8

_____ is the process of making inferences about the causes of human behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) Social cognition 
B) The human causality hypothesis 
C) Attribution 
D) The primacy effect

Question 9

When a person assigns causes to another individual's behavior and assumes that the behavior is due to the situation that the individual finds himself/herself in, a(n)_____ is made.

Accepted Answer

A) dispositional attribution 
B) fundamental error in judgment 
C) internal attribution 
D) external attribution

Question 10

When she is not at the bar, Jayla preaches to everyone about the dangers of smoking. However, she does smoke an occasional cigarette when she is at the bar with her friends-although at those times, she feels somewhat frustrated by her own smoking behavior. Jayla is likely experiencing _____ when she smokes.

Accepted Answer

A) groupthink 
B) cognitive dissonance 
C) social facilitation 
D) compliance

Question 11

Consider the following sequence: First, an unreasonable request is made, which is then rejected as expected. Next, a much smaller request is made-the amount that was originally desired-which is then accepted. What is this technique called?

Accepted Answer

A) overestimation technique 
B) reverse-psychology technique 
C) foot-in-the-door technique 
D) door-in-the-face technique

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a major factor in an individual's choice of a significant other?

Accepted Answer

A) similarity in personal style 
B) similarity in socioeconomic status 
C) similar attitudes 
D) similar personality

Question 13

Tabitha was not quite sure how she felt about the new health care law signed by President Obama. She was leaning toward the idea that the health care bill was a good one, but she was still not completely for it. After discussing the bill with her four roommates, who were all in full support of the new legislation, Tabitha became a strong supporter of the new bill. What psychological phenomenon just occurred that caused Tabitha to solidify her point of view?

Accepted Answer

A) group polarization 
B) social loafing 
C) the actor-observer effect 
D) social facilitation

Question 14

The intentional infliction of physical or psychological harm on others is referred to as _____

Accepted Answer

A) scapegoating. 
B) prejudice. 
C) aggression. 
D) discrimination.

Question 15

Which of the following briefly describes the classic research on social roles led by Philip Zimbardo in the 1970s?

Accepted Answer

A) having the teacher administer shocks of increasing strength to a learner upon every incorrect response 
B) asking for $40 when you really only need $10 
C) having some college students act as guards and having some act as prisoners in a make-believe prison 
D) having subjects select which line of three most closely resembles the standard line

Question 16

_____ can occur when individuals who are part of a group focus on preserving group solidarity at the expense of considering all possible alternatives, or even failing to use rational thought in the process.

Accepted Answer

A) Social facilitation 
B) Groupthink 
C) Social loafing 
D) Group polarization

Question 17

Though all the following factors play a role in relationship success, which of the following-based on research by O'Leary and Smith (1991)-appear to be related to marital success as well as to marital choice?

Accepted Answer

A) similarity in religion and similarity in education 
B) similarity in needs and similarity in personality 
C) similarity in ethnicity and similarity in finances 
D) similarity in needs and similarity in religion

Question 18

Devin holds the viewpoint that a female physician will not be as effective as a male physician because females are too emotional in nature. Devin's way of thinking about this situation can best be described as _____

Accepted Answer

A) prejudiced. 
B) ethnoracial. 
C) an example of other-group cognitions. 
D) discriminatory.

Question 19

The _____ states that three components-intimacy, passion, and commitment-singly and in various combinations, produce seven different kinds of love.

Accepted Answer

A) relationship triad hypothesis 
B) reciprocity theory 
C) actor-observer effect 
D) triangular theory of love

Question 20

Raj and Isa were longtime best friends. As a gift to each other after college graduation, they decided to spend a weekend in Las Vegas. They had great fun together, as always, but also learned that they were suddenly madly attracted to each other. As it turned out, they decided to get married while they were in Vegas. Though neither of them really knew if it would work in the long run, and they were both okay with it if it didn't, they knew they had the intimacy and passion parts all worked out. Which description within the triangular theory of love best describes their relationship?

Accepted Answer

A) consummate love 
B) fatuous love 
C) empty love 
D) romantic love

Exam 14: Social Psychology