Question 1

According to Merton, proscribed behavior becomes increasingly rare when the emphasis on the culturally induced success-goal becomes divorced from a coordinate institutional emphasis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Discuss Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory.Do disorganized neighborhoods "cause" crime or are they run down because people with personal characteristics conducive to both crime and poverty populate them? Support your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory.Do...

Question 3

Identify three of the lower-class focal concerns proposed by Walter Miller.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify three of the lower-class focal concerns...

Question 4

How does Sanchez-Jankowski define "structure"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does Sanchez-Jankowski define "structure"?...

Question 5

Discuss what influences collective efficacy.Can collective efficacy be measured reliably at the neighborhood level? Support your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss what influences collective efficacy.Can collective efficacy...

Question 6

According to Shaw and McKay, residential instability referred to

Accepted Answer

A) mixes of people from different cultural backgrounds 
B) a high rate of turnover in the population 
C) inability of community members to achieve shared values 
D) lack of collective efficacy in a community

Question 7

According to general strain theory, we all experience multiple strains throughout our lives, but the impact of strain differs according to its magnitude, recency, duration, and clustering.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

______ is characteristic of modern societies in which there is a high degree of occupational specialization.

Accepted Answer

A) communal solidarity 
B) mechanical solidarity 
C) natural solidarity 
D) organic solidarity

Question 9

A particular student wants to do well in school, but never seems to be able to earn higher than a D.In pursuit of academic success, the student begins to cheat on exams.This is most consistent with which form of adaptation in Merton's theory of strain?

Accepted Answer

A) conformity 
B) innovation 
C) rebellion 
D) retreatism

Question 10

Identify and explain each of Walter Miller's six focal concerns.Provide an example of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and explain each of Walter Miller's...

Question 11

Identify and explain the sources of strain according to Robert Agnew's general strain theory.How do negative emotionality and constraint relate to strain according to Agnew?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and explain the sources of strain...

Question 12

Within Walter Miller's framework of focal concerns, ______ refers to the belief that the locus of control is external to oneself.

Accepted Answer

A) autonomy 
B) excitement 
C) fate 
D) toughness

Question 13

Compare and contrast the variables of social disorganization theory in regards to rural and urban communities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the variables of social...

Question 14

According to the tenets of institutional anomie theory, which of the following would be a useful policy goal?

Accepted Answer

A) address negative emotions through coping strategies 
B) increase collective efficacy at the neighborhood level 
C) increase legitimate economic opportunities in society 
D) reduce the role of economic factors in other social institutions such as the family

Question 15

The first criminological theory to be developed in the United States was the human ecology theory, which came out of what was known as the ______ school.

Accepted Answer

A) Chicago 
B) Las Vegas 
C) New York 
D) San Francisco

Question 16

According to strain theory, individuals who accept traditional goals, but reject the accepted means of achieving them, are known as rebels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which term did Emile Durkheim coin to refer to normlessness, or a lack of rules, within society?

Accepted Answer

A) anomie 
B) proletariat 
C) rebellion 
D) strain

Question 18

Define social disorganization according to Osgood and Chambers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define social disorganization according to Osgood and...

Question 19

Retreatist gang members are more escapist in their attitudes than conflict gang members in that almost all of the abuse drugs and/or alcohol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

According to Merton's strain theory, a youth who responds to difficulties in school by ______ has engaged in conformity.

Accepted Answer

A) continuing to attend classes and cheat on exams 
B) continuing to attend classes, even without the hope of success 
C) dropping out and taking refuge in a life of drugs, alcohol and transience 
D) studying harder in an effort to succeed

Exam 6: Social Structural Theories

According to Merton, proscribed behavior becomes increasingly rare when the emphasis on the culturally induced success-goal becomes divorced from a coordinate institutional emphasis.

Discuss Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory.Do disorganized neighborhoods "cause" crime or are they run down because people with personal characteristics conducive to both crime and poverty populate them? Support your answer.

Identify three of the lower-class focal concerns proposed by Walter Miller.

How does Sanchez-Jankowski define "structure"?

Discuss what influences collective efficacy.Can collective efficacy be measured reliably at the neighborhood level? Support your answer.

According to Shaw and McKay, residential instability referred to

According to general strain theory, we all experience multiple strains throughout our lives, but the impact of strain differs according to its magnitude, recency, duration, and clustering.

______ is characteristic of modern societies in which there is a high degree of occupational specialization.

A particular student wants to do well in school, but never seems to be able to earn higher than a D.In pursuit of academic success, the student begins to cheat on exams.This is most consistent with which form of adaptation in Merton's theory of strain?

Identify and explain each of Walter Miller's six focal concerns.Provide an example of each.

Identify and explain the sources of strain according to Robert Agnew's general strain theory.How do negative emotionality and constraint relate to strain according to Agnew?

Within Walter Miller's framework of focal concerns, ______ refers to the belief that the locus of control is external to oneself.

Compare and contrast the variables of social disorganization theory in regards to rural and urban communities.

According to the tenets of institutional anomie theory, which of the following would be a useful policy goal?

The first criminological theory to be developed in the United States was the human ecology theory, which came out of what was known as the ______ school.

According to strain theory, individuals who accept traditional goals, but reject the accepted means of achieving them, are known as rebels.

Which term did Emile Durkheim coin to refer to normlessness, or a lack of rules, within society?

Define social disorganization according to Osgood and Chambers.

Retreatist gang members are more escapist in their attitudes than conflict gang members in that almost all of the abuse drugs and/or alcohol.

According to Merton's strain theory, a youth who responds to difficulties in school by ______ has engaged in conformity.