Question 1

Abused infants and toddlers ________

Accepted Answer

A)  tend to develop into resilient adults. 
B)  have a tendency to be passive and to avoid conflict with both peers and authorities. 
C)  are likely to show inconsistent attachment behavior. 
D)  are likely to develop close bonds with same-sex peers.

Question 2

Charlotte suffers from intense anxiety. How would Freud explain this anxiety? In your answer, describe the different parts of the personality from a Freudian perspective, and how these parts of personality interact to produce anxiety.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Charlotte suffers from intense anxiety. How would...

Question 3

While having a gene for Parkinson's disease guarantees that Parkinson's disease will develop, this is not the only factor that can lead to Parkinson's disease. In other words, the presence of the gene is a ________, but not a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  risk factor; sufficient cause 
B)  sufficient cause; necessary cause 
C)  necessary cause; risk factor 
D)  contributory cause; sufficient cause

Question 4

Distinguish between authoritative and authoritarian parenting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between authoritative and authoritarian parenting....

Question 5

Biological discoveries ________

Accepted Answer

A)  have lessened the subjectivity of definitions of abnormal. 
B)  demonstrate that the environment plays only a minimal role in the development of psychopathology. 
C)  make it clear that mental disorders are diseases and should be dealt with by the medical profession. 
D)  have led to a recognition of the role that genetic factors and other biological influences play in the development of many disorders.

Question 6

Why is it particularly useful to study identical twins who were raised in different environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Differences in brain function can easily be identified. 
B)  Concordance rates tend to be higher. 
C)  It is possible that the genetics of twins who have been separated have changed in ways to explain any differences found. 
D)  It is possible that high concordance rates between identical twins reared together is due to their being treated more similarly than nonidentical twins.

Question 7

When psychologists say that a person shows resilience, it means ________

Accepted Answer

A)  the person has not been faced with significant stressors. 
B)  that regardless of the stresses the person faces, he or she will feel no emotional distress. 
C)  the person can successfully adapt and survive in threatening circumstances. 
D)  recovering from traumatic events without the need for psychological protective factors.

Question 8

A couple is in counseling. She states that she drinks because he rejects her. He states that he rejects her because she drinks. It appears that in this example of bidirectionality

Accepted Answer

A)  the drinking is probably the actual predisposing cause for the problems in this marriage. 
B)  the rejection is probably the actual predisposing cause for the problems in this marriage. 
C)  the drinking and rejection influence and maintain each other. 
D)  the drinking and rejection are caused by another third variable unknown to the couple.

Question 9

Suppose the reuptake of a specific neurotransmitter were deficient and the deactivation enzymes associated with the neurotransmitter were also deficient. What effect would this have?

Accepted Answer

A)  There would be more of the neurotransmitter in the synapse. 
B)  There would be less of the neurotransmitter in the synapse. 
C)  Since the two deficiencies would balance each other out, there would be no change in the levels of the neurotransmitter. 
D)  The neurons would become especially sensitive to the neurotransmitter.

Question 10

The effects of early social deprivation ________

Accepted Answer

A)  are explained differently by the various psychosocial perspectives. 
B)  have not been well-established. 
C)  can't be explained by psychosocial theories. 
D)  are not seen when physical needs are adequately met.

Question 11

The humanistic perspective focuses primarily upon the capacity of the individual to ________

Accepted Answer

A)  confront the dilemma of our deaths. 
B)  be driven by unconscious motives. 
C)  rationally explain our behavior. 
D)  engage in positive self-growth.

Question 12

The site of chemical communication in the brain is the __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The site of chemical communication in the...

Question 13

Down syndrome has been linked to ________

Accepted Answer

A)  a chemical imbalance. 
B)  a gene on the X chromosome. 
C)  possessing an extra X chromosome. 
D)  possessing an extra chromosome in chromosome 21.

Question 14

The loss of a parent may be ________

Accepted Answer

A)  a stressor. 
B)  a diathesis. 
C)  a diathesis and/or a stressor. 
D)  Neither a diathesis nor a stressor.

Question 15

In psychoanalytic theory, which psychosexual stage centers on castration anxiety?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genital 
B)  Oral 
C)  Anal 
D)  Phallic

Question 16

Freud's view of mental disorders was that they were a result of ________

Accepted Answer

A)  unresolved conflicts between the id, the ego, and the superego. 
B)  genetic abnormalities that influence people's ability to cope with their environment. 
C)  problematic tendencies we develop while dealing with our early interpersonal environments. 
D)  learned maladaptive behaviors that were rewarded with attention.

Question 17

_____________ are the conditions that guarantee the occurrence of a disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____________ are the conditions that guarantee the...

Question 18

What is a culture-bound disorder?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a culture-bound disorder?...

Question 19

After being bitten by a dog, Jose finds that he feels afraid whenever he sees a dog. He goes for treatment, where he is gradually exposed to dogs, until he can be in the same room with a dog without feeling any fear. Three weeks later, while walking in his neighborhood, Jose hears a dog barking viciously. For a few weeks after this, his fear returns. This shows ________

Accepted Answer

A)  the treatment had no effect. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  stimulus-stimulus expectancy. 
D)  spontaneous recovery.

Question 20

It is a hot day and a child sprays you with a garden hose. You might react with amusement (and even thanks!) or considerable anger. The fact that one event can be interpreted in different ways is central to the ________ approach to therapy.

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  cognitive 
D)  sociocultural

Exam 3: Causal Factors and Viewpoints