Question 1

What part of a nucleotide accounts for the genetic variation between individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  sugar 
B)  phosphate 
C)  nitrogenous base 
D)  polymerase

Question 2

Cooling cycles during PCR amplification of DNA enable enzymes to build two new strands of ________ through ________ base-pairing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cooling cycles during PCR amplification of DNA...

Question 3

Put the following in order from smallest to largest.
-This is the smallest in size.

Accepted Answer

A) gene 
B) base 
C) nucleotide 
D) genome 
E) base pair

Question 4

Being in the sun for short stretches of time is not as likely to cause mutations as is being in the sun for long stretches of time.Explain why longer exposure to ultraviolet (UV)is more likely to cause mutations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Being in the sun for short stretches...

Question 5

You are working for a pharmaceutical company that hopes to produce genetically engineered human pancreatic amylase from rapidly reproducing E.coli cells.Your colleague has worked for months to isolate a minute amount of DNA that she suspects contains the gene for human pancreatic amylase.You need more of this DNA for testing and evaluation.Describe how you can easily produce millions of exact copies of this DNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are working for a pharmaceutical company...

Question 6

The enzyme that copies DNA is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The enzyme that copies DNA is called...

Question 7

Replication of DNA cannot begin until ________ bonds between ________ are broken.

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphate; nucleotides 
B)  hydrogen; complementary bases 
C)  covalent; sugar molecules 
D)  hydrogen; nucleotides in one strand

Question 8

After the CRISPR-Cas9 system cuts a segment of DNA,the cell's DNA repair process actually removes the DNA sequences between the cut sites.This repair process is most likely facilitated by BOTH ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After the CRISPR-Cas9 system cuts a segment...

Question 9

Nitrous acid is a chemical that can react with DNA and change cytosine to uracil.If a cell is exposed to nitrous acid and some of the cytosine nucleotides in a gene are converted to uracil nucleotides,what should happen when that cell replicates?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nitrous acid is a chemical that can...

Question 10

Once attached to the proper DNA sequence,Cas9 proteins found in the CRISPR-Cas9 system ________ both strands of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  polymerize 
B)  cleave 
C)  wind 
D)  unwind

Question 11

Researchers used the CRISPR system to make 455 different cuts in the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV)pol genes in the pig genome.All of the PERV genes were inactivated in the pig embryos even though only 20 percent of the resulting mutations were larger than nine base pairs.The resulting mutations were successful at knocking out the PERV genes because

Accepted Answer

A)  even single point mutations can be enough to make a gene product useless or inactivate a gene. 
B)  large mutations are not useful in knocking out genes. 
C)  inactivating 20 percent of the PERV genes is just as good as inactivating 100 percent of the PERV genes. 
D)  only 20 percent of the PERV genes need to be inactivated to result in all of them being inactive.

Question 12

Damaged DNA may be repaired by a special class of

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotides. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  deoxyribose molecules. 
D)  phosphate bonds.

Question 13

A new copy of a double helix that is composed of a template strand and a newly replicated strand of DNA is created using ________ replication.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A new copy of a double helix...

Question 14

When bases of DNA correctly bind to the complementary strand,

Accepted Answer

A)  A always pairs with T. 
B)  A sometimes pairs with T. 
C)  A always pairs with C. 
D)  A sometimes pairs with C.

Question 15

The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by ________ bonds between their base pairs.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen 
B)  amino acid 
C)  phosphate 
D)  protein

Question 16

What would you expect to find if you examined the DNA base-pair sequence of the allele for a mutated cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene (CFTR)and compared it to the DNA base-pair sequence of the allele for a fully functional CFTR gene?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What would you expect to find if...

Question 17

Short lengths of DNA are wound around bundles of ________ to create a structure consisting of many nucleosomes strung together by strings of DNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Short lengths of DNA are wound around...

Question 18

Which of the following will NOT generally cause mutations?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemicals 
B)  radiation 
C)  viruses 
D)  DNA replication

Question 19

Put the following in order from smallest to largest.
-This is the middle in size.

Accepted Answer

A) gene 
B) base 
C) nucleotide 
D) genome 
E) base pair

Question 20

In a strand of double-stranded DNA,cytosine (C)will always be bound with

Accepted Answer

A)  A. 
B)  T. 
C)  C. 
D)  G.

Exam 9: What Genes Are