Question 1

A nutrient is a substance that an organism uses for

Accepted Answer

A)   growth.
B)   metabolism.
C)   maintenance.
D)   repair of tissues.
E)   All answers are correct. E

Question 2

Morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI (body mass index)of at least

Accepted Answer

A)   10 to 15.
B)   40.
C)   20.
D)   25.
E)   30. B

Question 3

The only animals that rely solely on intracellular digestion are

Accepted Answer

A)   earthworms.
B)   sponges.
C)   clams.
D)   starfish.
E)   jellyfish. B

Question 4

To help a patient who is malnourished for vitamin C,you would prescribe eating more

Accepted Answer

A)   red meat.
B)   beans.
C)   citrus fruit.
D)   fish.
E)   nuts.

Question 5

Animals that eat only plants are

Accepted Answer

A)   omnivores.
B)   herbivores.
C)   carnivores.
D)   detritivores.
E)   insectivores.

Question 6

Epithelial cells of the small intestine contain about 500 microvilli.What is the purpose of these microvilli?

Accepted Answer

A)   to increase surface area for food absorption
B)   to beat and move food through the intestines
C)   to contract and move food through the intestines
D)   to release mucus that protects the intestines from infection
E)   to release digestive enzymes

Question 7

What effect would drinking salt water have on a human?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dehydration as the extra salt pulls water out of the blood into the urine.
B)   Dehydration as the extra salt pulls water out of the urine into the blood.
C)   Increased hydration as the extra salt in the blood pulls water out of tissues.
D)   Increased hydration as the extra salt in the urine pulls water out of tissues.
E)   Dehydration as salt in the intestines pulls water out of the urine.

Question 8

Beano is a product containing an enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates in beans and other vegetables,thereby reducing gas production when these foods are eaten.Why would humans need to take Beano to avoid gas?

Accepted Answer

A)   If they don't break down the complex carbohydrates, bacteria in their colon will.
B)   If they don't break down the complex carbohydrates, bacteria in their small intestine will.
C)   Complex carbohydrates react with acid in the stomach to produce gas.
D)   Complex carbohydrates react with saliva in the mouth to produce gas.
E)   Complex carbohydrates cannot be broken down and cause constipation.

Question 9

Animals that hunt and eat essentially only other animals are

Accepted Answer

A)   omnivores.
B)   carnivores.
C)   herbivores.
D)   detritivores.
E)   frugivores.

Question 10

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.What advantage would the bacteria gain by secreting the toxin?

Accepted Answer

A)   avoid the immune system
B)   prevent the body from excreting the bacteria
C)   decrease removal of food from the gut
D)   increase respiration
E)   prevent other bacteria from growing in the gut

Question 11

Rhythmic smooth muscle contractions occurring along the human digestive system that propel food along the system are termed

Accepted Answer

A)   countercurrent exchange.
B)   phagocytosis.
C)   peristalsis.
D)   rumination.
E)   sphincter contractions.

Question 12

In a study on the bacteria found in human mouths,from the Mesolithic to present day,researchers found that Porphyromonas gingivalis,a bacterium associated with tooth decay,is

Accepted Answer

A)   more common in modern times than in either the medieval times or the bronze age.
B)   more common in medieval times than in either the bronze age or modern times.
C)   more common in the bronze age than in either medieval or modern times.
D)   the same frequency in the bronze age, medieval times, and modern times.
E)   absent in modern times, but existed in the bronze age and medieval times.

Question 13

Antacids would be effective in which part of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

A)   mouth
B)   esophagus
C)   small intestine
D)   stomach
E)   large intestine

Question 14

The cecum is the largest in

Accepted Answer

A)   protozoans.
B)   omnivores.
C)   carnivores.
D)   herbivores.
E)   detritivores.

Question 15

A diuretic is a substance that

Accepted Answer

A)   decreases the permeability of the tubules to water.
B)   increases the volume of blood.
C)   decreases the volume of fat in the body.
D)   increases the volume of urine.
E)   increases the production of ADH.

Question 16

The diffusion of water across a membrane that is permeable to water but not to ions and other charged solutes is

Accepted Answer

A)   facilitated diffusion.
B)   active transport.
C)   simple diffusion.
D)   osmosis.
E)   phagocytosis.

Question 17

Diuretics are commonly prescribed drugs for patients with hypertension because they

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease blood volume and increase blood pressure.
B)   increase blood volume and blood pressure.
C)   decrease blood volume and blood pressure.
D)   increase blood volume and decrease blood pressure.

Question 18

If you found a giant panda in a hardwood forest in Europe,where no bamboo grows,you would be very surprised since the panda should not have anything to eat there.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

If an individual has their gallbladder removed,they are typically put on a low-fat diet.Which of the following would explain this recommendation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bile cannot be produced.
B)   Bile cannot be removed from the intestines.
C)   Bile cannot be released following a meal.
D)   Lipase cannot be released following a meal.
E)   Lipase cannot be produced.

Question 20

Reabsorption is one of the three steps in making mammalian urine.

Accepted Answer