Question 1

To solve the "string problem" described in the text,you have to catch the screwdriver while holding the second string.This ____ problem is often solved in a burst of ____ when a person overcomes ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation; insight; heuristic constraints 
B)  arrangement; intuition; confirmation bias 
C)  arrangement; insight; functional fixedness 
D)  transformation; intuition; mental set

Question 2

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although telegraphic speech is not unique to the English language, it is not a cross-culturally, universal aspect of language development. 
B)  The emergence of telegraphic speech is unique to the English language. 
C)  The emergence of telegraphic speech is a cross-culturally, universal aspect of language development. 
D)  Telegraphic speech is more prevalent in Western cultures than in non-Western cultures.

Question 3

When using elimination by aspects,it is best to evaluate the ____ aspect first.

Accepted Answer

A)  most important 
B)  least important 
C)  most favorable 
D)  least favorable

Question 4

The deliberate choice of words to create specific emotional responses is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic slanting. 
B)  linguistic relativity. 
C)  belief perseverance. 
D)  phonemic overextension.

Question 5

Carefully chosen words can exert subtle influences on people's feelings about issues.On technique,known as ____________________,refers to the deliberate choice of words to create specific emotional responses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carefully chosen words can exert subtle influences...

Question 6

Which of the following is the BEST example of overregularization?

Accepted Answer

A)  I eated a cookie 
B)  Cookie 
C)  I wanted a cookie 
D)  Give cookie

Question 7

The key properties of language include symbolism,phonemes and generativity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The series of water-jug problems described in the text illustrates which barrier to effective problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A)  mental set 
B)  unnecessary constraints 
C)  irrelevant information 
D)  functional fixedness

Question 9

Summarize evidence on language acquisition in animals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize evidence on language acquisition in animals....

Question 10

You are having a conversation with your psychology professor and she proposes that language evolved as a device to build and maintain social coalitions in increasingly larger groups.Which theorist would agree with her assertions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Premack 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Dunbar 
D)  Chomsky

Question 11

The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the

Accepted Answer

A)  availability heuristic. 
B)  representativeness heuristic. 
C)  law of small numbers. 
D)  conjunction heuristic.

Question 12

Which strategy for decision-making might involve the weighting of individual attributes differently,based on the importance of the attributes?

Accepted Answer

A)  selection by aspects strategy 
B)  elimination by aspects strategy 
C)  multiplication strategy 
D)  additive strategy

Question 13

Greeno referred to problems where individuals need to discover the relationships between the elements of a problem as problems of

Accepted Answer

A)  arrangement. 
B)  transformation. 
C)  inducing structure. 
D)  cognition.

Question 14

Autumn has been figure skating since she was five years old.She has never placed higher than third in any of the competitions she has been in,but she is still convinced that she will be able to become a professional figure skater in a few years.Her coach and her parents have tried to tell her that not many people make it as professional skaters,but Autumn is convinced that she can beat the odds.In this case,Autumn is

Accepted Answer

A)  displaying evidence of mental set. 
B)  showing belief perseverance. 
C)  apparently ignoring base rates. 
D)  showing the confirmation bias.

Question 15

The fact that variations in cognitive style sometimes reflect the ecological demands of one's environment helps to illustrate which of your text's unifying themes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Our experience of the world is highly subjective. 
B)  Psychology is theoretically diverse. 
C)  Our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage. 
D)  Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.

Question 16

The representativeness heuristic causes people to think that families with four children are more likely to have

Accepted Answer

A)  four children of the same sex. 
B)  two boys and two girls. 
C)  three boys and one girl. 
D)  three girls and one boy.

Question 17

Emergentist perspectives on language acquisition argue that the neural circuits supporting language are prewired and that their functions emerge gradually in response to language learning experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Algorithms can be used to apply the trial-and-error approach systematically. 
B)  If an algorithm is available for a problem, it guarantees that a solution can eventually be found. 
C)  Algorithms exist for all clearly defined problems. 
D)  Algorithms may be impractical when the problem space is large.

Question 19

B.F.Skinner was one of the theorists who encouraged the study of cognitive activity,which helped lead to the cognitive revolution in the 1950s.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Mental shortcuts used to help people in estimating probabilities include the representativeness heuristic and can lead people to estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Language and Thought

To solve the "string problem" described in the text,you have to catch the screwdriver while holding the second string.This problem is often solved in a burst of when a person overcomes .

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

When using elimination by aspects,it is best to evaluate the ____ aspect first.

The deliberate choice of words to create specific emotional responses is referred to as

Carefully chosen words can exert subtle influences on people's feelings about issues.On technique,known as ____________________,refers to the deliberate choice of words to create specific emotional responses.

Which of the following is the BEST example of overregularization?

The key properties of language include symbolism,phonemes and generativity.

The series of water-jug problems described in the text illustrates which barrier to effective problem solving?

Summarize evidence on language acquisition in animals.

You are having a conversation with your psychology professor and she proposes that language evolved as a device to build and maintain social coalitions in increasingly larger groups.Which theorist would agree with her assertions?

The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the

Which strategy for decision-making might involve the weighting of individual attributes differently,based on the importance of the attributes?

Greeno referred to problems where individuals need to discover the relationships between the elements of a problem as problems of

The fact that variations in cognitive style sometimes reflect the ecological demands of one's environment helps to illustrate which of your text's unifying themes?

The representativeness heuristic causes people to think that families with four children are more likely to have

Emergentist perspectives on language acquisition argue that the neural circuits supporting language are prewired and that their functions emerge gradually in response to language learning experiences.

Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?

B.F.Skinner was one of the theorists who encouraged the study of cognitive activity,which helped lead to the cognitive revolution in the 1950s.

Mental shortcuts used to help people in estimating probabilities include the representativeness heuristic and can lead people to estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone.