Question 1

In terms of gender differences in specific brain functions, most research has shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  there are no consistent differences between male and female cognitive abilities. 
B)  males have a slight advantage over females in verbal skills. 
C)  females have a slight advantage over males in verbal skills. 
D)  males have a slight advantage over females in musical skills.

Question 2

In Aitchison's criteria for language, the fact that we learn language through simple exposure is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  duality. 
B)  cultural transmission. 
C)  spontaneous usage. 
D)  displacement.

Question 3

(see Figure 13.2)
The structure indicated by the #2 in this illustration is the

Accepted Answer

A)  corpus callosum. 
B)  massa intermedia. 
C)  anterior commissure. 
D)  hippocampal commissure.

Question 4

Visual information about an object located to the right of center in the visual field is processed by

Accepted Answer

A)  both hemispheres equally. 
B)  the left cerebral hemisphere. 
C)  the right cerebral hemisphere. 
D)  the left cerebral hemisphere in the majority of human participants, but in either the right hemisphere or both hemispheres in others.

Question 5

Left-handed people

Accepted Answer

A)  nearly always lateralize language to the right hemisphere. 
B)  are less likely to lateralize language to the right hemisphere than right-handed people. 
C)  are less likely to use both hemispheres equally for language than right-handed people. 
D)  are more likely to use both hemispheres equally for language than right-handed people.

Question 6

A person with alexia

Accepted Answer

A)  can speak and understand normally but cannot read. 
B)  cannot recognize words that are spelled out loud to them. 
C)  can understand spoken language but cannot speak or read. 
D)  can point to words and letters on command but cannot read normally.

Question 7

What are the major features of Wernicke's aphasia?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  What are the major features of Wernicke's...

Question 8

Higher order functions in language production, such as attention, are probably specifically impaired in cases of _________ aphasia.

Accepted Answer

A)  transcortical motor 
B)  transcortical sensory 
C)  conduction 
D)  global

Question 9

Paul Thompson and his colleagues found low correlations between the amount of gray matter in the frontal lobes and language areas of identical twins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In the language model by Dronkers, Pinker, and Damasio, semantic knowledge is managed by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  implementation system existing in Broca's and Wernicke's areas. 
B)  mediational system existing in association cortex of the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes. 
C)  system existing in Broca's and Wernicke's areas. 
D)  system existing in higher-order association cortex.

Question 11

Joseph Bogen operated on 16 patients with uncontrolled seizures due to epilepsy. In these operations, how many of the commissures did Bogen sever in each patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  all four

Question 12

Language disorders characterized by lack of fluency and relatively good comprehension include

Accepted Answer

A)  Broca's aphasia and global aphasia. 
B)  conduction aphasia and transcortical motor aphasia. 
C)  Broca's aphasia and transcortical motor aphasia. 
D)  global aphasia and conduction aphasia.

Question 13

Studies have indicated that the percentage of left-handed individuals in a society is positively correlated with the

Accepted Answer

A)  average level of education. 
B)  age distribution. 
C)  tendency to be multilingual. 
D)  homicide rate.

Question 14

In patients with brain damage, recognition of different grammatical structures is

Accepted Answer

A)  better in patients with left hemisphere damage than patients with right hemisphere damage. 
B)  better in patients with right hemisphere damage than patients with left hemisphere damage. 
C)  not impaired in patients with either right or left hemisphere damage. 
D)  equally impaired in patients with either right or left hemisphere damage.

Question 15

Stuttering is accompanied by abnormally high activity in

Accepted Answer

A)  the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. 
B)  Broca's area. 
C)  the basal ganglia. 
D)  Wernicke's area.

Question 16

In Gazzaniga's experiment with split-brain patients in which the word HE appeared to the left of a fixation point and the word ART appeared to the right, how did participants respond when asked to point with the left hand to what they had seen?

Accepted Answer

A)  They pointed to "ART." 
B)  They pointed to "HE." 
C)  They pointed to "HEART." 
D)  They were unable to respond, since they could no longer read.

Question 17

In Thompson's MRI research with twins, high correlations were found in identical twins between cognitive ability and

Accepted Answer

A)  white matter in the frontal and parietal lobes. 
B)  gray matter in the frontal and parietal lobes. 
C)  white matter in the frontal lobe and language areas. 
D)  gray matter in the frontal lobe and language areas.

Question 18

For people who are bilingual or multilingual, the brain area that works as a "language switch" may be in the

Accepted Answer

A)  the planum temporale. 
B)  the caudate nucleus. 
C)  the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. 
D)  the orbitofrontal cortex.

Question 19

The location of a function to one hemisphere of the brain is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  lateralization. 
B)  bilateralism. 
C)  Broca's paradigm 
D)  symmetry.

Question 20

Evidence for cultural transmission of ape language is provided by

Accepted Answer

A)  Washoe's ability to sign "waterbird" while observing a swan. 
B)  the ability of great apes to learn sign language from humans. 
C)  Kanzi's ability to learn symbols by watching his mother's training. 
D)  Kanzi's ability to respond to verbal commands.

Exam 13: Cognition