Question 1

John Watson famously argued that newborn babies

Accepted Answer

A)  are incapable of forming memories.
B)  have an intelligence comparable to our nearest primate cousins.
C)  can be raised to become anything.
D)  will develop different intellectual abilities according to innate differences. C

Question 2

Aside from saving Anne Green's life, Thomas Willis and Christopher Wren also

Accepted Answer

A)  created very accurate drawings of the brain.
B)  came up with the names of a number of brain structures.
C)  took the first steps that led to cognitive neuroscience.
D)  All of the answer options are correct. D

Question 3

René Descartes posited that the mind was separate from the body. However, he implicated a single brain structure, the pineal gland, as having what function?

Accepted Answer

A)  regulating feelings and emotions
B)  connecting the mind and the body
C)  moderating cognitive processes
D)  adjusting behavior B

Question 4

Empiricism is the philosophical position that all knowledge

Accepted Answer

A)  must be deduced and justified through reason.
B)  originates from sensory experience.
C)  must be experimentally tested.
D)  is globally distributed in the cortex.

Question 5

Which stance would most likely hold an assumption that physical elements of the brain are responsible for the conscious mind?

Accepted Answer

A)  monism
B)  behaviorism
C)  dualism
D)  relativism

Question 6

A central issue of modern cognitive neuroscience is whether specific human cognitive abilities

Accepted Answer

A)  arise from networks of brain areas working together.
B)  are determined by the shape and size of the human skull or the brain beneath.
C)  are best studied using the scientific method.
D)  can be best identified using the Golgi silver method of staining or fMRI.

Question 7

Researchers Fritsch and Hitzig found support for the idea that specific functions are localized to discrete parts of the cortex in an experiment using electrical stimulation of a dog's brain. More specifically, they found __ systematic relationship between the portion of the cortex stimulated and specific ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a; movements
B)  a; vocalizations
C)  no; movements
D)  no; vocalizations

Question 8

A major question in cognitive neuroscience is the extent to which regions of the brain are independent or integrated. Which of these two viewpoints is most valid? Present evidence to support your view.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A major question in cognitive neuroscience is...

Question 9

You would like to understand at what point in time an event took place in the brain. What neuroimaging method would you choose? Explain why you would choose this method and what information you would be missing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You would like to understand at what...

Question 10

The primary contribution of Golgi to the field of cognitive neuroscience was that he

Accepted Answer

A)  developed a staining technique that permitted full visualization of individual neurons.
B)  showed experimentally that the nervous system is composed of a net of physically interconnected neuronal units.
C)  discovered that cells in different regions of the cortex also differ in shape and size.
D)  demonstrated that nerves can release chemicals that have an activating effect on nearby muscle cells.

Question 11

According to Edward Thorndike, which of the following is NOT true about rewards?

Accepted Answer

A)  They indicate which creatures have malleable structures in the brain.
B)  They help to stamp things into the mind.
C)  They lead to adaptive learning.
D)  They are part of the law of effect.

Question 12

In developing phrenology, Gall's main failure was that

Accepted Answer

A)  he did not seek disconfirming evidence.
B)  he was not a scientist.
C)  his method was correlational.
D)  All of the answer options are correct.

Question 13

What term was coined by Thomas Willis as a consequence of the case of Anne Green?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychopathology
B)  cognition
C)  neurology
D)  psychosis

Question 14

Which of the following scientists contributed to modern neuroscience in the 19th century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paul Broca
B)  Sir Charles Sherrington
C)  Gustav Theodor Fritsch
D)  Santiago Ramón y Cajal

Question 15

Describe the main tenets of the Neuron Doctrine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the main tenets of the Neuron...

Question 16

Describe two principal methods used to measure brain structure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two principal methods used to measure...

Question 17

Draw a diagram demonstrating the approach known as the scientific method. Your diagram should indicate the general procedures used and the order in which they are performed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw a diagram demonstrating the approach known...

Question 18

Each of the following contributions led to the establishment of the neuron doctrine EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Golgi's silver method.
B)  Purkinje's description of the first nerve cell.
C)  Thorndike's observation of adaptive response.
D)  Brodmann's cortical maps.

Question 19

Which of the following people did NOT play a strong role in the theoretical shift in psychology in the latter part of the 20th century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Noam Chomsky
B)  Sir Charles Sherrington
C)  George A. Miller
D)  Claude Shannon

Question 20

John Hughlings Jackson proposed a ________organization in the cerebral cortex, based on his work with people with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  holistic; aphasia
B)  topographic; aphasia
C)  topographic; epilepsy
D)  holistic; epilepsy

Exam 1: A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience