Question 1

In which of the following nations can citizens lose their access to health care if they change jobs or get divorced?

Accepted Answer

A)   United States
B)   Canada
C)   Great Britain
D)   a and b only
E)   all of the above A

Question 2

How is health care rationed in Canada and Great Britain? Are these systems of rationing better,worse,or no different from how we ration care in the United States?

Accepted Answer

In Canada and Great Britain, health care is rationed through a combination of government regulations, waiting lists, and prioritization based on medical necessity. In Canada, the government determines which services are covered under the public health care system, and waiting lists for elective procedures can be long. In Great Britain, the National Health Service (NHS) uses a system of prioritization to allocate resources based on clinical need.

The systems of rationing in Canada and Great Britain are different from the United States, where health care is primarily rationed based on ability to pay. In the US, those with private insurance or the financial means to afford medical care have greater access to services, while those without insurance may face significant barriers to receiving necessary treatment.

In terms of which system is better or worse, it ultimately depends on one's perspective and values. Supporters of the Canadian and British systems argue that prioritizing care based on medical necessity ensures that resources are allocated to those who need them most, regardless of their financial status. Critics, however, argue that waiting lists and government regulations can lead to delays in care and limited choice for patients.

In contrast, the US system is criticized for leaving many without access to essential care, while providing quicker access to those who can afford it. However, proponents argue that the private market allows for greater innovation and choice in medical services.

Ultimately, the question of which system is better or worse is a complex and subjective one, and it depends on how one weighs factors such as access, cost, innovation, and equity in health care. Each system has its strengths and weaknesses, and there is no one-size-fits-all answer.

Question 3

The factor that has most helped Canada to restrain the costs of health care is the

Accepted Answer

A)   sharp separation between ambulatory care and hospital doctors.
B)   use of utilization reviews.
C)   switch to a single-payer system.
D)   successful effort to restrain the number of doctors.
E)   closing of unnecessary hospital beds. C

Question 4

Compared to US citizens,Canadians have

Accepted Answer

A)   a lower average rate of doctor visits per year.
B)   a higher rate of infant mortality.
C)   higher out-of-pocket costs for health care.
D)   longer waiting times in life-threatening emergencies.
E)   none of the above

Question 5

The health care system in Great Britain is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)   an entrepreneurial system.
B)   a National Health Service.
C)   National Health Insurance.
D)   social insurance.
E)   capitalistic.

Question 6

Compared to the United States,Canada has

Accepted Answer

A)   lower infant mortality rates.
B)   longer life expectancies.
C)   more limited insurance coverage for its citizens.
D)   only a and b
E)   none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Since the time of the Chinese Revolution, the Chinese government has provided equal access to health care to all its citizens.
B)   In recent years, the Chinese health care system has reduced its emphasis on profit-making.
C)   Events in the Democratic Republic of Congo demonstrate the difficulties of offering quality health care in the face of armed conflicts.
D)   all of the above
E)   none of the above

Question 8

Which of the following can make it difficult to control a nation's health care costs?

Accepted Answer

A)   uneducated consumers
B)   an oversupply of nurses
C)   an undersupply of doctors
D)   centralized planning and budgeting
E)   the presence of many different health insurance providers

Question 9

Which of the following nations has an entrepreneurial system of health care?

Accepted Answer

A)   Democratic Republic of Congo
B)   United States
C)   Canada
D)   all of the above
E)   only a and b

Question 10

Infant mortality and life expectancy in China are now

Accepted Answer

A)   on a par with those of other developing countries.
B)   only slightly below those of the industrialized nations.
C)   a major cause of economic losses.
D)   rising at the same rate.
E)   rising steadily but slowly.

Question 11

To control health care costs,the British health care system has encouraged

Accepted Answer

A)   the privatization of health care.
B)   the use of acupuncture.
C)   specialized medical education.
D)   the building of new hospitals on a regular basis.
E)   all of the above

Question 12

Which of the following has contributed most to improving health outcomes in China?

Accepted Answer

A)   improving access to health care
B)   raising educational levels among women
C)   increasing the number of trained doctors
D)   increasing the number of physician extenders
E)   increasing the number of nurses

Question 13

The health care system in Germany can best be described as

Accepted Answer

A)   an entrepreneurial system.
B)   a National Health System.
C)   National Health Insurance.
D)   social insurance.
E)   communistic.

Question 14

Which of the following countries does not guarantee health care to its citizens?

Accepted Answer

A)   United States
B)   Germany
C)   Great Britain
D)   a and b only
E)   all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following has been used to control costs in one or more health care systems described in this textbook?

Accepted Answer

A)   relying only on the government (rather than private insurers)  to cover individuals' health care costs
B)   establishing government control over hospital budgets
C)   restricting doctors to salaried practices
D)   all of the above
E)   none of the above

Question 16

Health outcomes in the Democratic Republic of Congo are

Accepted Answer

A)   comparable with health outcomes in the Mexican health care system.
B)   about average for a less developed nation.
C)   among the worst in the world.
D)   similar to health outcomes in the Chinese health care system.
E)   none of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is the most serious problem in the Canadian health care system?

Accepted Answer

A)   waiting times for non-emergency care
B)   overuse of high-technology medical services
C)   an undersupply of doctors
D)   the existence of multiple, competing insurance companies
E)   lack of access to health care in urban "ghettoes"

Question 18

The term "physician extenders" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   doctors' office assistants.
B)   health care workers who sometimes can substitute for doctors.
C)   insurance companies owned by doctors.
D)   technological equipment used by doctors.
E)   video equipment that allows doctors to treat patients long-distance.

Question 19

Which nation's health care system would you prefer? Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which nation's health care system would you...

Question 20

Most funding for hospitals in the Democratic Republic of Congo comes from

Accepted Answer

A)   the federal government.
B)   health districts.
C)   Congolese church groups.
D)   donations from the more developed nations.
E)   only c and d

Exam 9: Health Care Around the Globe