Question 1

The patient has a platelet count of 9,000/microliter.The nurse realizes that

Accepted Answer

A)  this is a normal platelet level. 
B)  spontaneous bleeding may occur. 
C)  the patient is at great risk for fatal hemorrhage. 
D)  this level is considered slightly low.

Question 2

The patient has yellow skin and low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.The nurse should look for

Accepted Answer

A)  an elevated bilirubin level. 
B)  a low reticulocyte count. 
C)  sickled cells. 
D)  low white blood cell and platelet counts.

Question 3

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving chemotherapeutic agents and notices that the patient's neutrophil count is low.The nurse realizes that

Accepted Answer

A)  the patient has a bacterial infection. 
B)  a shift to the left is occurring. 
C)  chemotherapeutic agents alter the ability to fight infection. 
D)  neutrophils have a long life span and multiply slowly.

Question 4

Desired patient outcomes for immunocompromised patient related to medical and nursing interventions include absence of infection,negative cultures,and an absolute neutrophil count of

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 500 cells/microliter. 
B)  500 to 1000 cells/microliter. 
C)  1000 to 1500 cells/microliter. 
D)  1500 cells/microliter or higher.

Question 5

The nurse is caring for an elderly patient who is being admitted for anemia of unknown cause.The patient has been on multiple medications at home for various ailments.In assessing the patient's medication list,the nurse notes medications that may alter hemostasis,including which of the following:

Accepted Answer

A)  aminoglycosides. 
B)  antiplatelet agents. 
C)  cephalosporins. 
D)  vasoconstrictors. 
E)  sulfonamides.

Question 6

The patient is admitted with neutropenia.The nurse should assess the patient frequently for

Accepted Answer

A)  signs of systemic infection. 
B)  a drop in temperature from its normal set point. 
C)  the absence of chills. 
D)  bradycardia.

Question 7

The ratio of helper T? cell to suppressor T cells is normally 2:1.A lower-than-normal ratio may indicate acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).This is because T? cells

Accepted Answer

A)  enhance humoral immune response. 
B)  suppress the humoral response. 
C)  suppress the cell-mediated response. 
D)  are a feature of an autoimmune disease.

Question 8

Inflammation is initiated by cellular injury and

Accepted Answer

A)  is necessary for tissue repair. 
B)  inhibits the process called chemotaxis. 
C)  is harmful when uncontrolled. 
D)  is less efficient when complement proteins are present. 
E)  occurs when mediators cause vasoconstriction.

Question 9

The patient is admitted with anemia caused by blood loss and thrombocytopenia and has a platelet count of 22,000/microliter.The patient is scheduled for a transfusion of RBCs and a transfusion of platelets.The nurse should

Accepted Answer

A)  give the RBCs before the platelets. 
B)  give the platelets before the RBCs. 
C)  use local therapies to stop the bleeding. 
D)  give the platelets and RBCs at the same time.

Question 10

The patient is complaining of severe joint pain,as well as fatigue and shortness of breath.The nurse notices that the patient's joints are swollen and the legs are edematous.The nurse realizes that these are symptoms of

Accepted Answer

A)  anemia reflective of low volume. 
B)  aplastic anemia. 
C)  hemolytic anemia. 
D)  sickle cell anemia.

Question 11

The patient is admitted with reports of chronic fatigue and shortness of breath.The nurse notices that the patient is tachycardic and has multiple bruises and petechiae on the body and arms.The patient also complains of frequent nosebleeds.The nurse should evaluate the patient's ___________________

Accepted Answer

A)  complete blood count. 
B)  hemoglobin and hematocrit. 
C)  electrolyte values. 
D)  blood culture results.

Question 12

Two types of specific immune responses exist: humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.These responses

Accepted Answer

A)  are mutually exclusive. 
B)  are nonspecific immune responses. 
C)  are producers of antigens. 
D)  work together to provide immunity.

Question 13

In caring for the patient who has a coagulopathy,the nurse should

Accepted Answer

A)  assess fluids for occult blood. 
B)  observe for oozing and bleeding and remove clots that form. 
C)  limit invasive procedures. 
D)  take temperatures rectally to increase accuracy. 
E)  weigh dressings to assess blood loss.

Question 14

Common to both the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathway is

Accepted Answer

A)  factor XII. 
B)  factor VII. 
C)  factor X. 
D)  subendothelial collagen.

Question 15

The patient is admitted with anemia and active bleeding.The nurse suspects intravascular disseminated coagulation (DIC).Definitive diagnosis of DIC is made by evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in fibrin degradation products. 
B)  an increased D-dimer level. 
C)  thrombocytopenia. 
D)  low fibrinogen levels.

Question 16

The nurse is caring for a patient with cirrhosis of the liver.The nurse notes fresh blood starting to ooze from the patient's rectum and intravenous site.The nurse contacts the provider expecting a prescription for

Accepted Answer

A)  an infusion of protein S factor. 
B)  blood work to evaluate protein C level. 
C)  a laboratory test to determine factor X level. 
D)  vitamin K injections.

Question 17

Autoimmunity can result from

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition of tissue as "self." 
B)  injury to tissues. 
C)  infection. 
D)  malignancy. 
E)  unknown causes.

Question 18

With minor vessel injury,primary hemostasis is achieved

Accepted Answer

A)  after several minutes. 
B)  with fibrin to solidify the platelet plug. 
C)  usually within seconds. 
D)  as a permanent solution.

Question 19

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with anemia.This morning's hematocrit level is 24%.Platelet level is 200,000/microliter.The nurse can expect to

Accepted Answer

A)  continue monitoring the patient, as this hematocrit is normal. 
B)  administer platelets to help control bleeding. 
C)  give fresh frozen plasma to decrease prothrombin time. 
D)  provide RBC transfusion because this level is below the normal threshold.

Question 20

In vivo,the primary activator of the coagulation cascade occurs via the

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic pathway. 
B)  extrinsic pathway. 
C)  common pathway. 
D)  either intrinsic or extrinsic pathway.

Exam 17: Hematological and Immune Disorders