Question 1

The patient's potassium level is 7.0 mEq/L.Besides dialysis,which of the following actually reduces plasma potassium levels and total body potassium content safely in a patient with renal dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium polystyrene sulfonate 
B)  Sodium polystyrene sulfonate with sorbitol 
C)  Regular insulin 
D)  Calcium gluconate

Question 2

The removal of plasma water and some low-molecular weight particles by using a pressure or osmotic gradient is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  dialysis. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  clearance. 
D)  ultrafiltration.

Question 3

The patient's serum creatinine level is 0.7 mg/dL.The expected BUN level should be

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 2 mg/dL. 
B)  7 to 14 mg/dL. 
C)  10 to 20 mg/dL. 
D)  20 to 30 mg/dL.

Question 4

The patient undergoes a cardiac catheterization that requires the use of contrast dyes during the procedure.To detect signs of contrast-induced kidney injury,the nurse should

Accepted Answer

A)  not be concerned unless urine output decreases. 
B)  evaluate the patient's serum creatinine for up to 72 hours after the procedure. 
C)  obtain an order for a renal ultrasound. 
D)  evaluate the patient's postvoid residual volume to detect intrarenal injury.

Question 5

Identify which substances in the glomerular filtrate would indicate a problem with renal function.

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein 
B)  Sodium 
C)  Creatinine 
D)  Red blood cells 
E)  Uric acid

Question 6

Acute kidney injury from postrenal etiology is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  obstruction of the flow of urine. 
B)  conditions that interfere with renal perfusion. 
C)  hypovolemia or decreased cardiac output. 
D)  conditions that act directly on functioning kidney tissue.

Question 7

Daily weights are being recorded for the patient with a urine output that has been less than the intravenous and oral intake.The weight yesterday was 97.5 kg.This morning it is 99 kg.The nurse understands that this corresponds to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid retention of 1.5 liters. 
B)  fluid loss of 1.5 liters. 
C)  equal intake and output due to insensible losses. 
D)  fluid loss of 0.5 liters.

Question 8

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)differs from conventional intermittent hemodialysis in that

Accepted Answer

A)  a hemofilter is used to facilitate ultrafiltration. 
B)  it provides faster removal of solute and water. 
C)  it does not allow diffusion to occur. 
D)  the process removes solutes and water slowly.

Question 9

The patient is admitted with complaints of general malaise and fatigue,along with a decreased urinary output.The patient's urinalysis shows coarse,muddy brown granular casts and hematuria.The nurse determines that the patient has:

Accepted Answer

A)  acute kidney injury from a prerenal condition. 
B)  acute kidney injury from postrenal obstruction. 
C)  intrarenal disease, probably acute tubular necrosis. 
D)  a urinary tract infection.

Question 10

Continuous venovenous hemodialysis is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  remove fluids and solutes through the process of convection. 
B)  remove plasma water in cases of volume overload. 
C)  remove plasma water and solutes by adding dialysate. 
D)  combine ultrafiltration, convection and dialysis

Exam 16: Acute Kidney Injury