Question 1

Which of the following statements describes how nursing in the community is more challenging than nursing in an acute care setting?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is limited access to information useful to the nurse in giving care in the community.
B)  More paperwork and forms are required when giving care in the home.
C)  It is more challenging to control the environment in the community.
D)  Specialization isn't possible in the community setting. C

Question 2

A nursing staff has successfully screened for diabetes in the community. Which of the following might best persuade the health board to increase funding for diabetic clinics in this community?

Accepted Answer

A)  An epidemic of diabetes is now recognized and must be addressed.
B)  The incidence of diabetes is now higher than previously recognized in the community.
C)  The prevalence of diabetes is now higher than previously recognized in the community.
D)  The risk for diabetes in the community could decrease if funding is received. C

Question 3

Persons in an auditorium may have been exposed to a disease. If they are infected, it is crucial that they receive immediate treatment and not take the disease home to their families. Which of the following characteristics would be most important to consider when selecting the screening test to be used?

Accepted Answer

A)  The negative predictive value
B)  The positive predictive value
C)  The sensitivity of the test
D)  The specificity of the test C

Question 4

The nursing staff has attempted to screen the entire African-American population in the community for diabetes. Which of the following would provide immediate verification of the success of the nursing staff's efforts?

Accepted Answer

A)  An epidemic of diabetes will be recognized.
B)  The incidence of diabetes will increase in the community.
C)  The prevalence of diabetes will decrease in the community.
D)  The risk for diabetes in the community will increase.

Question 5

Between 2000 and 2005, 1000 of 10,000 young women ages 17 to 20 years at a university tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Of the 1000 diagnosed STIs, 300 were gonorrhea and 500 were chlamydia. Which of the following statements best summarizes these findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  The proportion of cases of gonorrhea to all STIs was 300:1300.
B)  The proportion of cases of gonorrhea to chlamydia was 300:500.
C)  The proportion of cases of gonorrhea to all STIs was 50%.
D)  The proportion of STIs to the total population was 100:1000.

Question 6

A nurse advises a client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary prevention
B)  Secondary prevention
C)  Tertiary prevention
D)  Treatment, but not prevention

Question 7

Which of the following actions would a nurse take to reduce the high incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a community?

Accepted Answer

A)  Introduction of a heart-healthy curriculum beginning in the first grade, presentations on diet and exercise for the community at large, and special education sessions for high-risk populations
B)  Provision of online activities related to prevention of cardiac disease, smoking reduction programs, and blood pressure screenings
C)  Distribution of handouts, including age-appropriate games, self-assessments, and education on heart-healthy lifestyles; availability of community screenings for hyperlipidemia in persons age 35 and older; and walking programs for those affected with CAD
D)  Enrollment of clients with CAD into cardiac rehabilitation programs, routine evaluation of effectiveness of CAD treatment regimens, and participation in clinical trials that evaluate interventions for those diagnosed with CAD

Question 8

A nurse has only a regular blood pressure cuff when conducting a health screening for all of the residents of a community. Which of the following may be lacking when obtaining blood pressure readings?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reliability
B)  Sensitivity
C)  Specificity
D)  Validity

Question 9

A nurse is planning to host a health screening at a large urban mall. Which of the following variables will help the nurse determine which screenings should be included? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Adequate space for persons to lie down after testing until side effects are reduced
B)  Health problems for which the specific population is at risk
C)  Whether adequate privacy can be obtained for the invasive or embarrassing procedures
D)  Whether health care providers are available to follow up on any positive screening results

Question 10

A nurse is concerned about the high incidence of STDs in the community college population and sets up a special STD screening. Which of the following groups of students would be encouraged to attend? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexually active students currently receiving treatment for an STD
B)  Sexually active students who had been screened the previous year
C)  Students who claimed to not be sexually active and do not plan to become sexually active
D)  Students who are sexually active but never "go all the way"

Question 11

Which of the following statistics is used by countries to compare the success of their health care systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attack rate
B)  Infant mortality rate
C)  Cause-specific morbidity rate
D)  Cause-specific mortality rate

Question 12

Which of the following actions by Florence Nightingale demonstrates her role as an epidemiologist?

Accepted Answer

A)  She convinced other women to join her in giving nursing care to all the soldiers.
B)  She demonstrated that a safer environment resulted in decreased mortality rate.
C)  She obtained safe water and better food supplies and fought the lice and rats.
D)  She met with each soldier each evening to say goodnight, thereby giving psychological support.

Question 13

Which of the following explains why contagious infections are becoming a central focus of public health? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Americans are fearful of terrorists using biological agents.
B)  Awareness of human susceptibility to animal diseases has been publicized.
C)  Drug-resistant strains of "old" diseases have evolved.
D)  Media coverage exaggerates the dangers of exposure to crowds.

Question 14

A teacher recommends that surveys to obtain data on drug use be given to high school students when they meet for various school organizations. Which of the following best describes why the nurse would reject this suggestion?

Accepted Answer

A)  This method of data collection would result in classification bias.
B)  This method of data collection would result in confounding bias.
C)  This method of data collection would result in personal bias.
D)  This method of data collection would result in selection bias.

Question 15

In a particular community, several high school students were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus Type 2 during the annual high school health fair. Over the next few years, the nursing staff developed and implemented educational programs about the risk factors for diabetes mellitus Type 2 and proper nutrition. Which of the following would be most useful for the nurses to use to determine if they are having any impact?

Accepted Answer

A)  The epidemic of diabetes in the high school is gradually ending.
B)  The incidence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events.
C)  The prevalence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events.
D)  The risk for diabetes is slowly increasing over time.

Question 16

Which of the following types of study should the nurse researcher choose if the goal is to identify the long-term benefits and risks of a particular nursing intervention for senior citizens living in the community?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-sectional study
B)  Ecologic study
C)  Clinical trial
D)  Retrospective analysis

Question 17

A man is diagnosed with prostate cancer. Which of the following data should the nurse know to answer the man when he asks, "What are the chances I'll survive this thing?"

Accepted Answer

A)  Attack rate
B)  Case fatality rate
C)  Cause-specific morbidity rate
D)  Crude mortality rate

Question 18

Several small communities have applied for grant funding from the state department of health to help decrease their teenage pregnancy rate. Which of the following communities should the nurse suggest receive funding first?

Accepted Answer

A)  Community A-with 23 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 500
B)  Community B-with 45 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 1000
C)  Community C-with 90 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 2000
D)  Community D-with 90 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 1500

Question 19

A nurse reports that in comparison to all the children in a particular school, the children who are members of the Cub Scouts have 0.3 risk for obesity before entering the sixth grade. Which of the following recommendations would the nurse make to the new parents of two boys who had just moved into this school's neighborhood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Discourage the parents from enrolling their sons in Cub Scouts because of the risk.
B)  Don't say anything about Cub Scouts, because it isn't relevant to nursing care.
C)  Encourage the parents to enroll their sons in Cub Scouts.
D)  Share the finding and let the parents draw whatever conclusions they feel appropriate.

Question 20

A nurse is examining all of the various factors which can lead to disease. Which of the following models would the nurse most likely use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epidemiologic triangle
B)  Health promotion
C)  Levels of prevention
D)  Natural history of disease

Exam 9: Epidemiological Applications