Question 1

In which year was universal health care insurance introduced in Canada?

Accepted Answer

A)  1960
B)  1966
C)  1969
D)  1972 B

Question 2

Which following reason has been cited for why nurses are in a key position to advocate for policies that influence health?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nurses have no labour organizations to negotiate with.
B)  Nurses represent the largest group of health care professionals.
C)  Nurses are far removed from observing how policies influence health.
D)  Nurses need to acquire new roles as the traditional ones are depleted. B

Question 3

Which two principles of Primary Health Care must be incorporated when addressing health determinants outside of the health sector?

Accepted Answer

A)  Accessibility; public participation
B)  Appropriate technology; intersectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration
C)  Public participation; intersectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration
D)  Health promotion and illness prevention; accessibility C

Question 4

Removing legislative barriers for health care providers has been cited as a challenge to the implementation of Primary Health Care and relates to which Primary Health Care principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Appropriate technology
B)  Accessibility
C)  Intersectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration
D)  Health promotion and illness prevention

Question 5

Which following action is an example of a Primary Health Care strategy in Canada?

Accepted Answer

A)  Providing unit space for computers
B)  Increasing the number of acute-care beds in hospitals
C)  Developing nurse practitioner legislation
D)  Lobbying for open visiting hours for all inpatients

Question 6

Recently it has been suggested that the Primary Health Care principle of accessibility needs to be expanded beyond its conventional meaning of access to include which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Care services related to the determinants of health
B)  Medical, dental, and alternative health care providers
C)  All people in Canada, regardless of citizenship
D)  The creation of a two-tiered health care system to help fund the PHC philosophy

Question 7

From the time of its introduction, Primary Health Care (PHC) was conceptualized as which type of model?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biomedical model
B)  Social justice model
C)  Resource allocation model
D)  Needs-based assessment model

Question 8

Which one of the following may limit the potential for Primary Health Care?

Accepted Answer

A)  Funding
B)  Human resources
C)  Resource allocation
D)  Inconsistent terminology

Question 9

In 2006, the Health Council of Canada indicated that improving population health demands an aggressive and collaborative approach to reducing health inequalities with emphasis on which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pregnant women
B)  Children and Aboriginal groups
C)  Cancer and cardiovascular disease
D)  Low-income couples and their families

Question 10

Canada has a strong intellectual tradition that emphasizes which view of health and health determinants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biopsychosocial
B)  Socioeconomic
C)  Illness-based
D)  Socio-environmental

Question 11

Which one of the following existed as a barrier to achieving Health for All by the Year 2000, as identified by the 2001 WHO report Health for All in the Twenty-first Century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of political commitment
B)  Faster than anticipated socioeconomic growth
C)  Cohesiveness and cooperation through intersectoral collaboration
D)  A decrease in poverty, the greatest global determinant of health

Question 12

Which of the following characterizes the WHO's 1988 initial assessment of nursing's worldwide response to implementing the Primary Health Care model?

Accepted Answer

A)  The WHO called nursing's response a planned and coordinated effort.
B)  The WHO called nursing's response fragmented and sporadic.
C)  The WHO indicated that intersectoral collaboration among nurses was apparent.
D)  The WHO indicated the Primary Health Care had been embraced worldwide by all nurses and their associations.

Question 13

Which one of the following has been cited by the Health Council of Canada as the biggest roadblock to implementing Primary Health Care in Canada in a manner that truly provides "Health for All"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of human resources
B)  Diminished financial resources
C)  Reluctance of health leaders to set targets and be held accountable for progress
D)  Very little support from the Canadian population to embrace the principles of PHC

Question 14

Which province opened the first nurse practitioner-led clinic in Canada?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alberta
B)  Quebec
C)  Ontario
D)  British Columbia

Question 15

Which of the following is one of the five different projects funded by the federal government's Primary Health Care Transition Fund (PHCTF) that the Canadian Nurses Association partnered to conduct?

Accepted Answer

A)  National Forum on Health
B)  Canadian Mental Health Initiative
C)  The Health Human Resource Project
D)  Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies

Exam 11: Primary Health Care: Challenges and Opportunities for the Nursing Profession