Question 1

Scandals are standard in Italy, Japan, and France, rendering those countries more corrupt than their wealth suggests.They are therefore __________ on the Corruption Perception Index.

Accepted Answer

outliers

Question 2

Which of the following U.S.Supreme Court rulings reversed the Plessy v.Ferguson decision?

Accepted Answer

A)  Roe v. Wade
B)  Brown v. Board of Education
C)  Miranda v. Arizona
D)  Lawrence v. Texas B

Question 3

Evaluate the political lean of President Eisenhower's U.S.Supreme Court nominees.

Accepted Answer

A)  He exclusively nominated members of his own party, tipping the balance in his favor.
B)  He nominated candidates from both parties, seeking a balanced court.
C)  He nominated two Republicans and one independent, the first to be nominated to the Supreme Court.
D)  He nominated ethnic minorities, including one African American and the first Jewish justice. B

Question 4

Anglo-American courts function on a(n) __________ and __________ process.

Accepted Answer

A)  adversarial; authoritarian
B)  accusatorial; ambivalent
C)  authoritarian; removed
D)  accusatorial; adversarial

Question 5

State court systems handle about __________ of the nation's legal business.

Accepted Answer

A)  30%
B)  50%
C)  70%
D)  90%

Question 6

Analyze the series of court decisions in 1962 and 1964 finding that unequal representation denied citizens their Fourteenth Amendment rights.

Accepted Answer

A)  The Court ordered that state legislatures apply the principle of "one person, one vote" in redrawing electoral lines.
B)  State legislatures were ordered to redraw district lines to better represent African Americans.
C)  The Republican party was censured for excluding the black vote using voter ID laws.
D)  States were forced to add one representative per 100,000 people to better serve impoverished areas.

Question 7

What legal agency in the United States generates reputation-based ratings of prospective federal judges?

Accepted Answer

A)  Judicial Ratings Bureau
B)  Federal Bureau of Judicial Review
C)  American Bar Association
D)  Office of Legal Assessment

Question 8

In the 1950s, Germany's Constitutional Court ruled against both the Communist and __________ parties, finding that they wanted to overthrow the constitutional order.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the 1950s, Germany's Constitutional Court ruled...

Question 9

Compare Anglo-American courts to those in Russia.

Accepted Answer

A)  Anglo-American courts include bourgeois concepts, such as property law and civil rights, whereas the Soviet-developed Russian system excludes these concepts.
B)  The Russian court is a passive institution that does not seek to correct lawbreakers or to apprehend criminals, whereas the Anglo-American system is an active institution.
C)  Courts in Russia frequently indict politicians disloyal to the president's agenda, whereas Anglo-American courts remain separate from politics.
D)  Russian courts represent the upper class, while American courts protect the interests of common laborers.

Question 10

Which of the following is an important role of U.S.courts and their greatest contribution to governance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Assure statutory laws do not violate the constitution
B)  Protect individual rights and liberties
C)  Guarantee administrative usages do not get out of hand
D)  Judicial review

Question 11

1963's Gideon v.Wainwright held that __________ defendants must be provided with legal counsel.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 1963's Gideon v.Wainwright held that __________ defendants...

Question 12

Describe the significance of Marbury v.Madison.

Accepted Answer

A)  The ruling laid precedent for judicial review.
B)  The ruling stated that the president is subject to the court's decisions.
C)  The ruling decreed that current administrations must honor the appointments of previous administrations.
D)  The ruling claimed that federal taxes could not be levied on the states.

Question 13

Compare the role of Anglo-American courts to the role of the courts in Europe.In what ways are the similar? How do they differ? Which system exerts stronger influence on legislation, and which system better serves the welfare of its people?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the role of Anglo-American courts to...

Question 14

Unlike British courts, European ones are influenced by the French __________, and thus do not maintain separate criminal and civil divisions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unlike British courts, European ones are influenced...

Question 15

Analyze the U.S.Supreme Court within context of Germany's Constitutional Court.

Accepted Answer

A)  Because Germany's Constitutional Court operates within a more rigid code of law, its decisions do not have the impact of U.S. Supreme Court decisions.
B)  Due to executive restraints, Germany's Constitutional Court is less powerful than the U.S. Supreme Court.
C)  Germany's Constitutional Court is more codified than the U.S. Supreme Court, making it rival and sometimes overrule the executive branch.
D)  The U.S. Supreme Court's rulings function as the "law of the land," while the Constitutional Court may still be overruled.

Question 16

Among the most famous rulings in a criminal procedure, Mapp v.Ohio (1961) ruled that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  evidence seized without a warrant was inadmissible in a state court
B)  police could seize any item deemed "evidence" in the absence of a warrant
C)  officers may lawfully search any person under the guise of "probable cause"
D)  law enforcement officers may search private residences without a warrant

Question 17

What did President Obama do to counterbalance the U.S.Supreme Court's Conservative tilt?

Accepted Answer

A)  He appointed one African American justice and one Hispanic justice.
B)  He appointed two liberal women justices.
C)  He reinforced executive privilege.
D)  He appointed one conservative and one moderate justice.

Question 18

The pinnacle of the federal court system is the U.S.Supreme Court, consisting of one chief justice and six associate justices.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What was perhaps the most conservative shift of the Roberts Court?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Court took on notably fewer cases than before, reversing the tendency to use the Court at a back-up legislature.
B)  The Court ruled conservatively on abortion cases, whereas the previous Court tended to rule on the pro-choice side.
C)  Roberts and colleagues seemed more heavily influenced by outside opinion, lessening the Court's ostensible objectivity.
D)  Despite its liberal rulings on gun control, the Court ruled conservatively on gay rights and immigration issues.

Question 20

How does the American concept of judicial review compare to the role of courts in foreign systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most countries maintain a similar process of judicial review, which evaluates federal laws against the nation's constitution.
B)  Judicial review is more highly developed in the United States than in any other country, and Americans expect more of their courts than do other peoples.
C)  The United States is the only developed nation to maintain the process of judicial review.
D)  Most foreign constitutions are exempt from judicial review, stripping the courts of any power they might have in shaping legislation.

Exam 15: Judiciaries