Question 1

An advantage of the prototype theory is that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  allows for quick recognition 
B)  allows for exceptions 
C)  explains babbling in infants 
D)  allows deductive reasoning

Question 2

You are watching your two-year-old nephew and are amazed how quickly he can learn concepts and objects.According to Module 14,what accounts for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  The brains of children have built-in exemplars of concepts and objects. 
B)  Children have brains that are already set up to quickly store things into categories. 
C)  Children use heuristics to learn concepts and objects. 
D)  The brains of children tend to ignore algorithms that can slow down learning, as is seen in adults.

Question 3

A child who says,"I goed there" illustrates telegraphic speech.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A phoneme is the smallest meaningful combination of sounds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

How does a child learn the complex rules of grammar?

Accepted Answer

A)  interaction between the child's experience and the innate program 
B)  interaction between inductive reasoning and linguistic overgeneralization 
C)  linguistic overgeneralization 
D)  interaction between the innate program and morphology

Question 6

You are studying Albert Einstein and learn that he was very good at thinking in visual-spatial terms.You reason that his creativity was due to this ability.The approach you are taking in studying creativity is the ____ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychometric 
B)  cognitive 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  nature-nurture

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of prototype theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  exceptions are not included in the list of defining properties 
B)  listing all of the essential features of an object or event 
C)  constructing a mental image and seeing if a new object matches this image 
D)  defining the concept through the use of language and heuristics

Question 8

What term is given to an autistic person who shows some incredible memory,music,or drawing talent?

Accepted Answer

A)  creative 
B)  gifted 
C)  genius 
D)  savant

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between creativity and IQ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Creative people have the same IQ scores as the general population. 
B)  Those with the highest IQ scores are the most creative. 
C)  There is rather little correlation between creativity and IQ among creative people. 
D)  Creative people actually have slightly lower IQ scores than the general population.

Question 10

Paul suffers from dyslexia.If the current research is correct,Paul would have:

Accepted Answer

A)  fewer cells in the left hypothalamus 
B)  associated physical problems primarily an overactive thymus gland 
C)  problems distinguishing between sounds like pa and ba 
D)  glasses

Question 11

Jack has decided to support Candidate A in the upcoming election.If Jack is typical of how people make political decisions,his decision was influenced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  rational thinking 
B)  emotions 
C)  past experiences 
D)  family and friends

Question 12

A mental image that is based on the average characteristics of an object is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  algorithm 
B)  heuristic 
C)  exemplar 
D)  prototype

Question 13

For her research paper on creativity,Shyla has decided to conduct a highly detailed study of her cousin,the creator of a famous computer program.What approach to the measurement of creativity is Shyla pursuing?

Accepted Answer

A)  a case-study approach 
B)  a psychometric approach 
C)  a longitudinal approach 
D)  a behavioral approach

Question 14

Algorithm is to ____ as heuristic is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  language; thinking 
B)  rule; mental shortcut 
C)  mental shortcut; rule 
D)  general; specific

Question 15

Why should children have some type of musical training?

Accepted Answer

A)  music can relax children 
B)  musical training can be used to reinforce learning in school 
C)  musical training can help children learn parentese 
D)  musical training activates the same brain areas involved in language

Question 16

The phrase "the red house" in Spanish would be "la casa roja," which in English means,literally,"the house red." This example illustrates that Spanish and English differ in rules of:

Accepted Answer

A)  syntax 
B)  phonology 
C)  morphology 
D)  semantics

Question 17

Bruce has problems hearing the difference between "ba,da,and pa." An outcome described in the textbook of Bruce's problems might be:

Accepted Answer

A)  an attached stigma 
B)  frustration in social situations 
C)  problems with the visual perception of words with those letters 
D)  difficulties hearing the differences between words with those sounds

Question 18

The notion of a critical language period supports the idea that ____ factors are involved in language acquisition.

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental 
B)  structural 
C)  innate 
D)  social

Question 19

Rules that will eventually lead to a solution if followed correctly are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  algorithms 
B)  availability heuristics 
C)  representative heuristics 
D)  brainstorming

Question 20

Once we have formed the concept for a car and encounter the car on another occasion,we:

Accepted Answer

A)  do not have to relearn what a car is or what it does 
B)  can then form new heuristics 
C)  can refine the defining properties of car 
D)  do have to relearn what a car is and what it does

Exam 14: Thought and Language