Question 1

Tonic-clonic convulsions produce __________,which itself can cause brain damage.

Accepted Answer

A)  absences 
B)  incontinence 
C)  cerebral hypoxia 
D)  auras 
E)  clonus

Question 2

Bilateral transplantation of fetal substantia nigra tissue in monkeys has proven successful in alleviating the symptoms of

Accepted Answer

A)  Huntington's disease. 
B)  Alzheimer's disease. 
C)  MPTP poisoning. 
D)  autotransplants. 
E)  epilepsy.

Question 3

Multiple sclerosis

Accepted Answer

A)  attacks young adults. 
B)  is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter. 
C)  is a progressive disorder. 
D)  is a disease of CNS myelin. 
E)  all of the above

Question 4

Autotransplants of adrenal medulla tissue have been used in an attempt to treat human

Accepted Answer

A)  Parkinson's disease. 
B)  epilepsy. 
C)  regeneration. 
D)  blindness. 
E)  MPTP poisoning.

Question 5

Down syndrome is

Accepted Answer

A)  a toxic psychosis. 
B)  a toxic dementia. 
C)  the result of a single abnormal dominant gene. 
D)  associated with a lack of acetylcholine. 
E)  the result an extra chromosome 21 resulting from a genetic accident.

Question 6

The main evidence that release from inhibition is a mechanism of neural reorganization after brain damage is that reorganization

Accepted Answer

A)  can occur very quickly. 
B)  occurs in only inhibitory structures. 
C)  is particularly prevalent in the cortex. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  both B and C

Question 7

Most neuropsychological diseases of genetic origin are not associated with a dominant gene.Explain why this is so,and describe two situations in which there could be an exception to this general principle.Finally,describe a neuropsychological disease associated with a dominant gene,and explain why it is an exception.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most neuropsychological diseases of genetic origin are...

Question 8

Neuropsychological disorders with genetic causes are not usually related to dominant genes because

Accepted Answer

A)  those who possess them are less likely to produce fit offspring. 
B)  dominant genes are usually singular. 
C)  recessive genes are far more potent. 
D)  recessive genes are far more common. 
E)  humans are not still evolving.

Question 9

Acoustic neuromas are

Accepted Answer

A)  encapsulated. 
B)  benign. 
C)  located on the 8th cranial nerve. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

Neurological disorders are rarely caused by dominant genes

Accepted Answer

A)  because all individuals carrying them would be at a major disadvantage in terms of survival and reproduction. 
B)  unless the dominant genes do not express themselves until after the peak reproductive years. 
C)  because dominant genes rarely mutate. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  both A and B

Question 11

The results of a large-scale double-blind study of fetal transplants in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Accepted Answer

A)  have been suppressed by drug companies. 
B)  were very positive. 
C)  were largely negative. 
D)  were not positive, but very promising. 
E)  were the first successful step in a current large-scale treatment program.

Question 12

If one of your parents has Huntington's disease,the probability that you will develop it is __________ %.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If one of your parents has Huntington's...

Question 13

Healthy axons sometimes respond to the degeneration of adjacent axons by developing __________ that grow to the synaptic sites that have been abandoned by the degenerating axons.

Accepted Answer

A)  collateral sprouts 
B)  nodes of Ranvier 
C)  phagocytes 
D)  Schwann cells 
E)  dendritic spines

Question 14

Tremor at rest,muscular rigidity,slowness of movement,and a masklike face are symptoms of

Accepted Answer

A)  Down syndrome. 
B)  Parkinson's disease. 
C)  epilepsy. 
D)  Huntington's disease. 
E)  multiple sclerosis.

Question 15

Regeneration of CNS neurons has been promoted by implanting

Accepted Answer

A)  oligodendrocytes. 
B)  Schwann cell sheaths. 
C)  apoptosis facilitator protein. 
D)  astrocytes. 
E)  CNS myelin.

Question 16

Currently,the majority of neuroscientists assume that the primary characteristic of Alzheimer's disease is the development of

Accepted Answer

A)  memory problems. 
B)  tau and neurofibrillary tangles. 
C)  amyloid plaques. 
D)  dementia. 
E)  neuron loss.

Question 17

Given the cascade of events leading to ischemia-produced brain damage,it has been suggested that __________ antagonists administered immediately after a stroke might reduce the subsequent development of brain damage.

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA 
B)  glutamate 
C)  acetylcholinesterase 
D)  dopamine 
E)  serotonin

Question 18

Brain damage following ischemic strokes seems to be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  NMDA buildup. 
B)  excessive serotonin release. 
C)  an imbalance of GABA. 
D)  norepinephrine inhibition. 
E)  excessive glutamate release.

Question 19

Which of the following is a cerebrovascular disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebral arteriosclerosis 
B)  cerebral embolism 
C)  cerebral thrombosis 
D)  all of the above 
E)  both B and C

Question 20

Genetic studies of Alzheimer's disease suggest that it is

Accepted Answer

A)  caused by one dominant gene. 
B)  caused by one recessive gene. 
C)  not genetic. 
D)  influenced by numerous genes. 
E)  unaffected by experience.

Exam 10: Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity