Question 1

In the initial report of the relation between dream recall and REM sleep, what proportion of awakenings from REM sleep led to dream reports?

Accepted Answer

A)  100% 
B)  80% 
C)  60% 
D)  40% 
E)  20%

Question 2

A good workout on the day after an east-bound flight might speed up recovery from jet lag.If the flight were from San Francisco to Toronto, a 3-hour phase advance, a good time to work out would be __________ San Francisco time.

Accepted Answer

A)  4:30 a.m. 
B)  11:00 a.m. 
C)  2:00 p.m. 
D)  8:30 p.m. 
E)  2:00 a.m.

Question 3

In males, some degree of penile erection almost always occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  sex-related dreams. 
B)  dreams with no sexual content. 
C)  REM sleep. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  both A and C

Question 4

Describe two theoretical perspectives of sleep.Which perspective is supported by comparative studies of sleep?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two theoretical perspectives of sleep.Which perspective...

Question 5

The first EEG stage of a night's sleep is

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha. 
B)  stage 1. 
C)  stage 3. 
D)  stage 4. 
E)  stage 2.

Question 6

A condition in which sleep is continually disrupted by a cessation of breathing is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A condition in which sleep is continually...

Question 7

Under normal living conditions, most people sleep during

Accepted Answer

A)  body temperature homeostasis. 
B)  internal desynchronization. 
C)  free-running temperature cycles. 
D)  the falling phase of the circadian body-temperature cycle. 
E)  the rising phase of the circadian body-temperature cycle.

Question 8

-The effects of the carousel apparatus are difficult to interpret because

Accepted Answer

A)  it can deprive rats of only a small amount of sleep. 
B)  the volunteers have to sleep in wet pajamas. 
C)  in addition to producing sleep deprivation, it produces confounding stress. 
D)  it prevents microsleeps. 
E)  the yoked control subjects experience much more stress than do the experimental subjects.

Question 9

Slow-wave sleep seems to play a particularly important role in the recuperative effects of sleep.The following is major evidence for this conclusion:

Accepted Answer

A)  People regain only a small portion of their lost sleep following a period of sleep deprivation, but they regain most of their lost stage 4. 
B)  Most long sleepers get a higher proportion of stage 3 and 4 sleep than short sleepers. 
C)  Volunteers who have reduced the amount that they sleep each night have usually accomplished this without substantially reducing the amount of stages 3 and 4 sleep. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  both A and C

Question 10

The encephale isolé preparation is produced by transecting the

Accepted Answer

A)  brain stem just rostral to the superior colliculus. 
B)  caudal brain stem. 
C)  brain stem between the colliculi. 
D)  both A and B 
E)  both B and C

Question 11

Under normal living conditions, most of our entrained circadian cycles are about

Accepted Answer

A)  23.1 hours long. 
B)  23.5 hours long. 
C)  24.0 hours long. 
D)  24.5 hours long. 
E)  25.2 hours long.

Question 12

After several nights of REM-sleep deprivation, penile erections often

Accepted Answer

A)  do not occur during sleep. 
B)  become difficult to achieve during wakefulness. 
C)  begin to occur during SWS. 
D)  make it difficult to get back to sleep. 
E)  become embarrassing.

Question 13

REM sleep is controlled by circuits in the caudal __________ of the brain stem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of REM sleep is controlled by circuits in...

Question 14

Sleep apnea is more common in

Accepted Answer

A)  males. 
B)  the overweight. 
C)  the elderly. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  anorexic patients.

Question 15

The main evidence that circadian sleep-wake and body-temperature cycles are not causally related is that they

Accepted Answer

A)  are always internally desynchronized. 
B)  frequently become internally desynchronized under normal living conditions. 
C)  sometimes become internally desynchronized under free-running conditions. 
D)  usually have different free-running periods. 
E)  are negatively correlated.

Question 16

Cataplexy is common in cases of

Accepted Answer

A)  narcolepsy. 
B)  insomnia. 
C)  anxiety. 
D)  pseudoinsomnia. 
E)  nocturnal myoclonus.

Question 17

According to the default theory, REM sleep and

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-wave sleep are similar. 
B)  delta sleep are similar. 
C)  wakefulness are similar. 
D)  dreaming rarely occur together in psychotic patients. 
E)  dreaming rarely occur together in children.

Question 18

The EOG is a measure of

Accepted Answer

A)  the first-night phenomenon. 
B)  eye-muscle tension. 
C)  eye movement. 
D)  stage 1 EEG. 
E)  both B and C

Question 19

Describe the results of long-term sleep-reduction experiments.Discuss both monophasic and polyphasic sleep.How are sleep times related to health and longevity? What do these lines of research indicate about the need for sleep?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the results of long-term sleep-reduction experiments.Discuss...

Question 20

Sleep apnea commonly results from

Accepted Answer

A)  a failure of the CNS to stimulate respiration. 
B)  obstruction of the breathing passage by muscle spasms. 
C)  obstruction of the breathing passage by atonia. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  excessive use of stimulant drugs.

Exam 14: Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms