Question 1

Congress enacts a new air quality statute. The enforcement of this and other federal environmental legislation relies on

Accepted Answer

A)  ​all levels of government and private citizens. 
B)  ​federal agencies only. 
C)  ​state and local governments only. 
D)  ​voluntary compliance.

Question 2

Regional Disposal Center operates a recycling plant. Stan and other citizens file a suit, alleging injuries from the plant. To succeed, they must show that the defendant failed to use reasonable care if the suit is based on​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​a negligence theory. 
B)  ​a nuisance theory. 
C)  ​any theory. 
D)  ​a strict liability theory.

Question 3

Industrial Solvents, Inc., averages $15,000 profit per day before deciding to ignore air pollution standards, after which the average is $30,000. Industrial Solvents is subject to a fine of

Accepted Answer

A)  ​$0. 
B)  ​$15,000 per day. 
C)  ​$30,000 per day. 
D)  ​$30,000 total.

Question 4

Injured individuals can rely on the common law to obtain damages from business polluters.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

New sources of water pollutants must install pollution-control equipment with all deliberate speed after beginning operations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Gil begins to operate a hog farm next to Ilene's vineyard. She files a suit, alleging that the farm is a source of pollution, a nuisance, and unreasonably interferes with the enjoyment of her property. The court is most likely to award damages

Accepted Answer

A)  ​if letting the pollution continue is equally as harmful as stopping it. 
B)  ​if letting the pollution continue is less harmful than stopping it. 
C)  ​if letting the pollution continue is more harmful than stopping it. 
D)  ​under no circumstances.

Question 7

The Environmental Protection Agency can prohibit altogether a toxic substance that poses an imminent hazard.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Different standards for air quality apply to existing sources of pollution and major new sources.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The state of California passes a law to restrict emissions form motor vehicles. Thee emissions may also be regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  ​other states and the federal government. 
B)  ​no other government. 
C)  ​the federal government only. 
D)  ​other states only.

Question 10

A cruise ship owned by Bayshore Cruises Inc. discharges some of the oil contained in its hold into Chesapeake Bay and onto the shore. Under the Oil Pollution Act, this is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  ​a violation. 
B)  ​not a violation because this type of discharge is not pollution. 
C)  ​not a violation because a cruise ship is not a stationary source. 
D)  ​not a violation because a ship's hold is not a point source.

Question 11

The Clean Water Act permits the filling or dredging of wetlands without a permit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Bertha owns land located outside Centre City. Bertha sells the land to Disposal & Recycling, Inc., which establishes a hazardous waste disposal facility at the site. Disposal & Recycling accepts only waste transported by Eco Trucking Inc. exclusively from Federated Industries, Inc. Several years later, Disposal & Recycling closes its facility and sells the land to Garden Variety Retail Corporation, which builds a Home & Yard store on the site. Meanwhile, some of Centre City's citizens complain to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that the city's municipal water supply is polluted. The EPA investigates and discovers that the sources of the pollution are leaks of hazardous waste from what is now the Home & Yard site. The EPA cleans up the site. Who can be held liable for the cost of cleaning up the site? What standards must Centre City meet regarding the water?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bertha owns land located outside Centre City....

Question 13

There are no plans to develop national standards regulating the fuel economy and emissions for medium- and heavy-duty trucks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Deep Earth Extraction, Inc., operates a facility near Estuary Bay. Discharging waste from the facility into the bay can result in

Accepted Answer

A)  ​penalties and damages. 
B)  ​penalties only. 
C)  ​damages only. 
D)  ​none of the choices.

Question 15

BioChem Corporation operates a hazardous waste storage facility. ChemCo Inc. buys BioChem before it is discovered that the firm's disposal practices violated CERCLA. With respect to these violations, Superfund imposes on ChemCo​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​strict liability. 
B)  ​liability under the nuisance doctrine. 
C)  ​liability on a negligence theory. 
D)  ​no liability.

Question 16

Smelting & Refining Company generates solid waste considered hazardous. The company labels and packages properly all waste to be transported to a disposal site. Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, this is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  ​not a violation. 
B)  ​a violation because Smelting & Refining generates solid waste. 
C)  ​a violation because the waste is transported off-site. 
D)  ​a violation because the waste is considered hazardous.

Question 17

Regulations governing air pollution cover mobile and stationary sources. Those who may be subject to penalties for violations of the Clean Air Act include

Accepted Answer

A)  ​corporate officers who knowingly violate the act. 
B)  ​persons who provide information about violators but otherwise fail to act. 
C)  ​private citizens who fail to sue violators. 
D)  ​none of the choices.

Question 18

The Environmental Protection Agency has concluded that greenhouse gases, including CO2 emissions, do not constitute a public danger.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

An environmental impact statement is required for every major federal action that significantly affects the quality of the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The primary responsibility for preventing and controlling air pollution rests with the federal government.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 25: Environmental Protection

Congress enacts a new air quality statute. The enforcement of this and other federal environmental legislation relies on

Regional Disposal Center operates a recycling plant. Stan and other citizens file a suit, alleging injuries from the plant. To succeed, they must show that the defendant failed to use reasonable care if the suit is based on​

Industrial Solvents, Inc., averages $15,000 profit per day before deciding to ignore air pollution standards, after which the average is $30,000. Industrial Solvents is subject to a fine of

Injured individuals can rely on the common law to obtain damages from business polluters.

New sources of water pollutants must install pollution-control equipment with all deliberate speed after beginning operations.

Gil begins to operate a hog farm next to Ilene's vineyard. She files a suit, alleging that the farm is a source of pollution, a nuisance, and unreasonably interferes with the enjoyment of her property. The court is most likely to award damages

The Environmental Protection Agency can prohibit altogether a toxic substance that poses an imminent hazard.

Different standards for air quality apply to existing sources of pollution and major new sources.

The state of California passes a law to restrict emissions form motor vehicles. Thee emissions may also be regulated by

A cruise ship owned by Bayshore Cruises Inc. discharges some of the oil contained in its hold into Chesapeake Bay and onto the shore. Under the Oil Pollution Act, this is most likely

The Clean Water Act permits the filling or dredging of wetlands without a permit.

There are no plans to develop national standards regulating the fuel economy and emissions for medium- and heavy-duty trucks.

Deep Earth Extraction, Inc., operates a facility near Estuary Bay. Discharging waste from the facility into the bay can result in

BioChem Corporation operates a hazardous waste storage facility. ChemCo Inc. buys BioChem before it is discovered that the firm's disposal practices violated CERCLA. With respect to these violations, Superfund imposes on ChemCo​

Smelting & Refining Company generates solid waste considered hazardous. The company labels and packages properly all waste to be transported to a disposal site. Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, this is most likely

Regulations governing air pollution cover mobile and stationary sources. Those who may be subject to penalties for violations of the Clean Air Act include

The Environmental Protection Agency has concluded that greenhouse gases, including CO2 emissions, do not constitute a public danger.

An environmental impact statement is required for every major federal action that significantly affects the quality of the environment.

The primary responsibility for preventing and controlling air pollution rests with the federal government.

Regional Disposal Center operates a recycling plant. Stan and other citizens file a suit, alleging injuries from the plant. To succeed, they must show that the defendant failed to use reasonable care if the suit is based on

BioChem Corporation operates a hazardous waste storage facility. ChemCo Inc. buys BioChem before it is discovered that the firm's disposal practices violated CERCLA. With respect to these violations, Superfund imposes on ChemCo