Question 1

The international fishing industry as it exists today gives us good reason to reject the moral of Garrett Hardin's "Parable of the Commons."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Advocates of a "naturalistic ethic" believe that penguins are important only because people like them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Are there any differences between environment ethics for humans and animals?  If so,  describe them.

Accepted Answer

Yes, there are differences between environmental ethics for humans and animals. Environmental ethics for humans often focuses on the moral responsibility of humans to protect and preserve the environment for future generations, as well as the rights of humans to a clean and healthy environment. This may involve considerations of human well-being, economic development, and the impact of environmental policies on human societies.

On the other hand, environmental ethics for animals may focus on the intrinsic value of non-human animals and their right to live in their natural habitats without human interference. This may involve considerations of animal welfare, conservation of species, and the ethical treatment of animals in human-dominated environments.

Additionally, environmental ethics for humans may also involve considerations of human rights and social justice, while environmental ethics for animals may prioritize the protection of ecosystems and the interconnectedness of all living beings.

Overall, while there may be some overlap in the ethical considerations for humans and animals in environmental ethics, there are also distinct differences in the focus and priorities of each perspective.

Question 4

Would you propose an incentive based program to challenge companies to reduce their environmental liability?  Explain in your own words an example of how this can be done.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Would you propose an incentive based program...

Question 5

Which of the following is true of factory farms?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are farms that produce large amounts of fruits and vegetables at low prices.
B)  Small production of meat where ecological concerns are paramount.
C)  Contrary to the critics,the animals in them rarely suffer.
D)  Have the largest and most devastating impact on animals.

Question 6

The word "ecosystem" refers to a total ecological community,both living and non-living.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

"Pollution permits" are an example of which of the following methods of achieving our environmental goals?

Accepted Answer

A)  pricing mechanisms
B)  government subsidies
C)  a laissez-faire approach
D)  regulations

Question 8

Tampering with the ecosystem always has injurious effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Explain a cost-benefit analysis,and how is it relevant to environmental issues?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain a cost-benefit analysis,and how is it...

Question 10

An assessment of costs and benefits inevitably involves

Accepted Answer

A)  facts.
B)  monetary costs only.
C)  false opinions.
D)  value judgements and factual uncertainties

Question 11

Some environmental regulations (like forbidding the burning of coal in cities)benefit each and every one of us because the air we all breathe is cleaner.If a company ignores the regulation and burns coal,while others obey the regulation,then the company

Accepted Answer

A)  violates our right to a livable environment.
B)  is being a free-rider.
C)  benefits from externalities.
D)  creates an internality.

Question 12

Which environmental statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  An American consumer can cause more tropical rain forest destruction than a poor person living within the forest itself.
B)  Because of technological breakthroughs,people living in developed countries put less strain on the environment than do people in poorer countries.
C)  There are only about 1000 species of animals left in the world.
D)  The United States consumes only its proportional share of the world's irreplaceable natural resources.

Question 13

The new discipline of "ecological economics" calculates the value of an ecosystem,not in terms of what people are willing to pay for it,but in terms of what it would cost to provide the benefits and services that the ecosystem now furnishes us.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

According to the anthropocentric (or human-oriented)ethic of Baxter and others,

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental preservation is inherently valuable.
B)  the Grand Canyon is valuable only because people care about it.
C)  we have a strong,almost absolute obligation to preserve species from extinction.
D)  future people have no interests that we need to respect now. 
E)    nature has value in and of itself,apart from human beings.

Question 15

Moral vegetarians are people who reject the eating of meat on moral grounds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Is it a moral right or privilege for human beings to live in a clean environment?  Defend your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is it a moral right or privilege...

Question 17

Is it appropriate to have a "valley of death" as described in Case 7.2?  If you worked for one of the factories,how would you justify the fumes?  If you take an environmental view,how would you confront the problem?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is it appropriate to have a "valley...

Question 18

When it comes to protecting animal rights,the United States is far ahead of Europe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Regulation is always the most effective way to allocate the costs of environmental protection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Animal manure

Accepted Answer

A)  is not available in sufficient quantities to replenish agricultural land.
B)  is a large source of pollution.
C)  helps counteract the "greenhouse effect".
D)  is potentially more dangerous than nuclear power.

Exam 7: The Environment

The international fishing industry as it exists today gives us good reason to reject the moral of Garrett Hardin's "Parable of the Commons."

Advocates of a "naturalistic ethic" believe that penguins are important only because people like them.

Are there any differences between environment ethics for humans and animals? If so, describe them.

Would you propose an incentive based program to challenge companies to reduce their environmental liability? Explain in your own words an example of how this can be done.

Which of the following is true of factory farms?

The word "ecosystem" refers to a total ecological community,both living and non-living.

"Pollution permits" are an example of which of the following methods of achieving our environmental goals?

Tampering with the ecosystem always has injurious effects.

Explain a cost-benefit analysis,and how is it relevant to environmental issues?

An assessment of costs and benefits inevitably involves

Some environmental regulations (like forbidding the burning of coal in cities) benefit each and every one of us because the air we all breathe is cleaner.If a company ignores the regulation and burns coal,while others obey the regulation,then the company

Which environmental statement is true?

The new discipline of "ecological economics" calculates the value of an ecosystem,not in terms of what people are willing to pay for it,but in terms of what it would cost to provide the benefits and services that the ecosystem now furnishes us.

According to the anthropocentric (or human-oriented) ethic of Baxter and others,

Moral vegetarians are people who reject the eating of meat on moral grounds.

Is it a moral right or privilege for human beings to live in a clean environment? Defend your answer.

Is it appropriate to have a "valley of death" as described in Case 7.2? If you worked for one of the factories,how would you justify the fumes? If you take an environmental view,how would you confront the problem?

When it comes to protecting animal rights,the United States is far ahead of Europe.

Regulation is always the most effective way to allocate the costs of environmental protection.

Animal manure