Question 1

Bears have thinner bones than whales. Hippopotami have intermediate bone thickness. What hypothesis does this support?

Accepted Answer

A) Hippopotami live in dense, murky waterways. 
B) Whales and bears both evolved from hippopotami. 
C) Hippopotami spend part of their time living in water and part living on land. 
D) Hippopotami are an intermediate species in the evolutionary lineage between whales and bears.

Question 2

The fossils of organisms that existed when the continents were connected are distributed across ________ continents than the fossils of organisms that evolved after the continents separated.

Accepted Answer

A) more 
B) fewer 
C) older 
D) younger

Question 3

Dolphin embryos develop hind limb buds, but these buds disappear after a short time. What is one mechanism to explain how this change occurs in the embryo?

Accepted Answer

A) The hind limbs are not used and atrophy. 
B) The dolphin does not have the gene for the production of hind limbs. 
C) The hind limbs are not adaptive and dolphins with hind limbs do not survive as well. 
D) Genes that control the development of the embryo turn off the development of the hind limb.

Question 4

Kangaroos are found only in Australia; these organisms

Accepted Answer

A) have few adaptive qualities. 
B) have a narrow biogeography. 
C) evolved few vestigial structures. 
D) evolved before the separation of Pangaea.

Question 5

The preserved remains of formerly living organisms are called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The preserved remains of formerly living organisms...

Question 6

The proteins and DNA of organisms that share a recent common ancestor are ________ the proteins and DNA of organisms that do not share a recent common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

A) more similar than 
B) less similar than 
C) identical to 
D) homologous to

Question 7

The genus Lycopodium includes plants that evolved before the breakup of Pangaea. The genus Sequoiadendron (Sequoia trees) evolved after Pangaea split into separate landmasses. Which genus would you expect to have the widest distribution of living representatives across the modern continents?

Accepted Answer

A) Lycopodium 
B) Sequoiadendron 
C) Both should be equally distributed. 
D) Both should be extinct.

Question 8

The fossil record

Accepted Answer

A) proves that all known species of organisms appeared at the same time. 
B) contains strong evidence that major new groups of organisms arose from previously existing organisms. 
C) indicates that humans date back as far as the first indications of life. 
D) has often been artificially created by evolutionary biologists.

Question 9

The increase in antibiotic resistance in E. coli as a result of treating healthy animals with antibiotics is an example of ________ driving evolution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The increase in antibiotic resistance in E....

Question 10

Whales and Indohyus share a more recent common ancestor than whales and fish. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Whales, fish and Indohyus will all have the same amount of genetic similarities. 
B) Whales and Indohyus will have more similarities in their DNA than whales and fish. 
C) Whales and fish will have more similarities in their DNA than whales and Indohyus. 
D) Fish and Indohyus will have more similarities in their DNA than fish and whales.

Question 11

Natural selection tends to

Accepted Answer

A) increase the commonality of characteristics that enhance survival and reproduction. 
B) decrease the number of individuals in any given population. 
C) lead to an increase in genetic drift. 
D) decrease the likelihood of adaptation.

Question 12

The study of organisms prior to birth or hatching is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of organisms prior to birth...

Question 13

Whale DNA is more similar to hippo DNA than to the DNA of any other mammal. This indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) whales descended from hippos. 
B) hippos descended from whales. 
C) hippos are whales' closest living relatives. 
D) whales and hippos may be the same species.

Question 14

Dolphin embryos have both forelimbs, which will become the flippers, and hind limbs, which will not develop. Explain how this supports the conclusion that dolphins are related to humans.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dolphin embryos have both forelimbs, which will...

Question 15

Peppered moths are generally light in color and blend into the trunks of the trees they live on. Populations of peppered moths found in areas where soot has blackened the tree trunks are dark in color. This example demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A) artificial selection. 
B) natural selection. 
C) genetic drift. 
D) vestigial coloration.

Question 16

Fossils of organisms that lived on Pangaea are likely found

Accepted Answer

A) mainly in Africa. 
B) mainly in Eurasia. 
C) mainly in South America. 
D) widely dispersed throughout the world.

Question 17

Although they are protected in many countries, humans still hunt elephants for their ivory tusks. A mutation that results in tuskless elephants is increasing in frequency in some elephant populations. Is this an example of artificial or natural selection? Support your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although they are protected in many countries,...

Question 18

Evolution is

Accepted Answer

A) not supported by scientific evidence. 
B) strongly supported by scientific evidence. 
C) not supported by the fossil record. 
D) too obscure to study.

Question 19

Match each example to the type of evidence supporting evolution.
-Dolphins develop hind limb buds, but these structures disappear before adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A) comparative embryology 
B) fossil evidence 
C) comparative anatomy 
D) comparative DNA 
E) biogeographic evidence

Question 20

Humans simulate the process of natural selection when they use ________ to develop new varieties of crop plants that better meet the needs of farmers.

Accepted Answer

A) artificial selection 
B) gene flow 
C) habitat changes 
D) continental drift

Exam 10: Evidence for Evolution