Question 1

Describe how renin can ultimately increase the kidney's ability to conserve water in the distal tubule.Include the following in your answer: blood pressure, aldosterone, lungs, angiotensinogen, angiotensin I and II, and JGA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how renin can ultimately increase the...

Question 2

The proximal tubule

Accepted Answer

A) reabsorbs about 65 percent of the filtered water 
B) is not the site of action of renin 
C) is where glucose is reabsorbed 
D) receives filtrate from Bowman's capsule 
E) has all of the above characteristics

Question 3

Changes in the glomerular filtration rates are accomplished through

Accepted Answer

A) autoregulation 
B) myogenic activity 
C) vasoactive responses in the afferent arteriole 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 4

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A) They contribute to long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure by maintaining the proper plasma volume. 
B) They act directly on the interstitial fluid to maintain constancy in its composition. 
C) They excrete the metabolic waste products. 
D) They assist in maintaining the proper acid-base balance of the body. 
E) They secrete a hormone.

Question 5

The renal threshold for glucose is well above the normal plasma glucose concentration, but the renal threshold for PO₄ is equal to the normal plasma PO₄ concentration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The two intrarenal mechanisms that contribute to autoregulation of the GFR are the ___________ mechanism and the ______________ mechanism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two intrarenal mechanisms that contribute to...

Question 7

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion are highly selective processes, whereas glomerular filtration is not.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The combined vascular/tubular component of the nephron is called the _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The combined vascular/tubular component of the nephron...

Question 9

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na⁺.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

On average, of the 125 ml/min of plasma filtered, ____________________ ml/min is reabsorbed and ____________________ ml/min is excreted as urine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of On average, of the 125 ml/min of...

Question 11

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic.
a.renin
b.angiotensinogen
c.angiotensin I
d.angiotensin II
e.aldosterone
f.atrial natriuretic peptide
-Its secretion is directly stimulated by a low plasma Na⁺ concentration

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the chemicals below with the correct...

Question 12

The tubular fluid is ____ as it enters Bowman's capsule, ____ at the beginning of the loop of Henle, ____ at the tip of the loop, and ____ as it leaves the loop to enter the distal tubule.

Accepted Answer

A) isotonic; hypertonic; hypertonic; isotonic 
B) isotonic; isotonic; hypotonic; hypotonic 
C) isotonic; isotonic; hypertonic; hypotonic 
D) hypertonic; hypotonic; hypertonic; isotonic 
E) None of the above correctly fill in the blanks.

Question 13

Sympathetic vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles and a resultant fall in the GFR occur as part of the baroreceptor reflex response when the blood pressure is too low.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The functional unit of the kidney is the

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus 
B) nephron 
C) medulla 
D) pyramid 
E) juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 15

In the kidney, blood is filtered in the cortex, drains through the renal pelvis into the renal medulla, and from there travels in the ureter to the urinary bladder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Urea

Accepted Answer

A) is the waste product with the smallest molecular size in the glomerular filtrate 
B) is in greater concentration at the end of the proximal tubule than in other body fluids 
C) has a clearance rate greater than GFR 
D) is both a and b 
E) is all of the above

Question 17

Which statement is true about Na⁺ reabsorption in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A) It uses 80% of the energy requirement of the kidney 
B) It is under control of aldosterone in the distal portions of the nephron 
C) It is linked to the reabsorption of water, Cl-, glucose, amino acids, and urea 
D) It requires that tubule cells expend energy 
E) All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following establish the medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent multiplication?

Accepted Answer

A) Loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons 
B) Loops of Henle of cortical nephrons 
C) Vasa recta of juxtamedullary nephrons 
D) Vasa recta of cortical nephrons 
E) Vasopressin-secreting cells

Question 19

Which of the following is not attributable to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

Accepted Answer

A) It is released from the cardiac atria when the ECF volume is reduced. 
B) It inhibits Na+ reabsorption in the distal parts of the nephron. 
C) It inhibits renin secretion by the kidneys. 
D) It inhibits aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. 
E) It inhibits sympathetic nervous activity to the heart and blood vessels.

Question 20

Vasopressin

Accepted Answer

A) secretion is stimulated by a water deficit 
B) increases the permeability of the distal and collecting tubules to water 
C) promotes the insertion of aquaporins into the membrane of certain tubule cells 
D) does not affect tubule cells in the proximal end of the nephron 
E) has all of the above characteristics

Exam 14: The Urinary System

Describe how renin can ultimately increase the kidney's ability to conserve water in the distal tubule.Include the following in your answer: blood pressure, aldosterone, lungs, angiotensinogen, angiotensin I and II, and JGA.

The proximal tubule

Changes in the glomerular filtration rates are accomplished through

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

The renal threshold for glucose is well above the normal plasma glucose concentration, but the renal threshold for PO₄ is equal to the normal plasma PO₄ concentration.

The two intrarenal mechanisms that contribute to autoregulation of the GFR are the _ mechanism and the ____ mechanism.

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion are highly selective processes, whereas glomerular filtration is not.

The combined vascular/tubular component of the nephron is called the _______________.

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na⁺.

On average, of the 125 ml/min of plasma filtered, ml/min is reabsorbed and ml/min is excreted as urine.

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic. a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -Its secretion is directly stimulated by a low plasma Na⁺ concentration

The tubular fluid is as it enters Bowman's capsule, at the beginning of the loop of Henle, at the tip of the loop, and as it leaves the loop to enter the distal tubule.

Sympathetic vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles and a resultant fall in the GFR occur as part of the baroreceptor reflex response when the blood pressure is too low.

The functional unit of the kidney is the

In the kidney, blood is filtered in the cortex, drains through the renal pelvis into the renal medulla, and from there travels in the ureter to the urinary bladder.

Urea

Which statement is true about Na⁺ reabsorption in the kidney?

Which of the following establish the medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent multiplication?

Which of the following is not attributable to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) ?

Vasopressin