Question 1

If a researcher can say that A causes B, then the researcher has most likely used

Accepted Answer

A) the correlational method. 
B) laboratory observation. 
C) the case study method. 
D) the experimental method.

Question 2

The first step in the scientific method is

Accepted Answer

A) establishing a hypothesis. 
B) testing a hypothesis. 
C) formulating a research question. 
D) designing a method.

Question 3

To better understand obstacles to condom use on college campuses, a researcher uses structured interviews with 20 male students about their most recent experience of unprotected sex. What research methodology is the researcher using?

Accepted Answer

A) Quantitative 
B) Survey 
C) Qualitative 
D) Experimental

Question 4

In experimental research, the experimental group

Accepted Answer

A) is the placebo group. 
B) is the group that receives the treatment. 
C) is the group for which variables are not manipulated. 
D) is the control group.

Question 5

Kinsey was among the first researchers to report direct laboratory observation of people having sex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following best describes what is usually included in informed consent?

Accepted Answer

A) Once an individual agrees in writing to participate, they must complete the study. 
B) Individuals agree not to receive any incentives to participate in the study. 
C) Individuals are informed of the benefits and risks of the study but not the procedures. 
D) Individuals are informed about the benefits, risks, and procedures used in the study.

Question 7

Before developing a hypothesis, a researcher should

Accepted Answer

A) draw some conclusions. 
B) formulate a research question. 
C) test the hypothesis. 
D) conduct the experiment.

Question 8

The primary goal of correlational research is

Accepted Answer

A) explanation. 
B) control. 
C) prediction. 
D) description.

Question 9

A young woman who perceives that frequent masturbation among females is looked upon with disapproval by her peers reports in a survey that she masturbates daily. Her response is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a respondent unaffected by social desirability bias. 
B) the influence of social desirability bias. 
C) social desirability bias sometimes leading to the overestimation of sexual behaviours. 
D) the need to use validity checks to control for social desirability bias.

Question 10

Disadvantages of the case study method include

Accepted Answer

A) lack of thorough descriptions of the demographic variables. 
B) uncertainty about the subject's background. 
C) too little contact time between client and clinician. 
D) the lack of rigour compared to an experiment.

Question 11

A method of objectively measuring sexual arousal in men is to

Accepted Answer

A) ask men to rate their level of arousal. 
B) interview men about their level of arousal. 
C) measure genital engorgement with a penile strain gauge. 
D) determine the number of times men engage in sexual activity.

Question 12

Martin observes that in movies, men are often depicted bringing flowers to their dates. His male peers also give flowers to their dates. Martin decides that instead of flowers, he will give his date a book. This act is an example of the influence of sexual scripts at a

Accepted Answer

A) cultural level. 
B) societal level. 
C) interpersonal level. 
D) tntrapsychic level.

Question 13

In many surveys of sexual behaviour, it is likely that respondents have been reluctant to disclose same-sex behaviour because they perceive a stigma attached to gay and lesbian sexuality. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) poor locus of control. 
B) social desirability bias. 
C) researchers not adequately stressing the importance of being honest. 
D) a lack of randomization.

Question 14

Laboratory research by Canadian researcher Meredith Chivers has been consistent with the view that

Accepted Answer

A) women are genitally aroused by a wider range of stimuli than men. 
B) men are genitally aroused by a wider range of stimuli than women. 
C) men's subjective and objective responses to sexual stimuli tend to be incongruent. 
D) both heterosexual and lesbian women are likely to exhibit greater sexual arousal to stimuli depicting male targets.

Question 15

As men age, the frequency of erections declines. This is an example of a negative correlation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A researcher wants to study the effect of exercise on sexual responsiveness. To test her hypothesis, she assigns individuals to two groups. One group engages in thirty minutes of structured exercise four times a week. The other group does not participate in the exercise program. Each week, individuals complete a questionnaire regarding sexual responsiveness. What is the dependent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

A) No exercise 
B) 30 minutes of exercise four times a week 
C) Subjects' answers on the questionnaires 
D) The questionnaire

Question 17

Masters and Johnson's research provided data on

Accepted Answer

A) the association between marijuana use and liberal attitudes towards premarital sex. 
B) what happens to the body during sexual response. 
C) how people physiologically and subjectively respond to viewing pornography. 
D) the frequency of masturbation among American adults.

Question 18

Which of the following illustrates one of the common basic assumptions of feminist theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Men evolved to possess an innate desire to control and subjugate women. 
B) Female biology leads women to assume a caretaker role in family and society. 
C) Women are less capable of overcoming psychological pressure than are men. 
D) Women are not often leaders because society believes men are more capable than women.

Question 19

A young girl sees women on television cooking and cleaning, and tries to imitate their actions with her toys. Her parents enjoy this, and call her a "good little housekeeper." Which theory does this demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A) Psychoanalystic 
B) Bio-psychosocial 
C) Social-cognitive 
D) Behaviourist

Question 20

Which of the following is not an example of a qualitative methodology?

Accepted Answer

A) Structured interviews 
B) Diaries 
C) Focus group discussions 
D) Multiple-choice questionnaires

Exam 2: Research Methods