Question 1

How should the nurse researcher interpret a relative risk that is equal to 1.0?

Accepted Answer

A)   There is no difference between the experimental and control group outcomes.
B)   The risk of the event is reduced in EER compared with CER.
C)   The risk of an event is greater in EER compared with CER.
D)   Difference in risk of outcome between patients who have had the event and those who have not. A

Question 2

To assess the efficacy of a specific intervention,which type of clinical category should the student investigate in appraising study results?

Accepted Answer

A)   Therapy
B)   Sensitivity and specificity
C)   Prognosis
D)   Harm A

Question 3

A nurse clinician reads that in an experimental study with two treatment groups and one control group,the hazard ratio between the two treatment groups was 3.0.How should this be most accurately interpreted?

Accepted Answer

A)   The slopes of the two groups were identical.
B)   Three groups were used for the analysis.
C)   The rate of deaths in one treatment group was three times the rate of the other.
D)   The rate at which subjects escaped bad outcomes. C

Question 4

Which of the following questions determine a researcher's selection of a relevant,credible article? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Who or what paid for the research?
B)   Is the setting of the study similar to my study?
C)   Is the sample of the study similar to mine?
D)   Was the article peer reviewed?
E)   None of above

Question 5

How should the nurse researcher interpret a relative risk that is less than 1.0?

Accepted Answer

A)   There is no difference between the experimental and control group outcomes.
B)   The risk of the event is reduced in EER compared with CER.
C)   The risk of an event is greater in EER compared with CER.
D)   Difference in risk of outcome between patients who have had the event and those who have not.

Question 6

How is absolute risk reduction calculated?

Accepted Answer

A)   EER + CER
B)   EER - CER/CER
C)   EER - CER
D)   EER/CER

Question 7

From top to bottom,what are the study designs associated with the strongest level of evidence base? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Randomized controlled trial
B)   Quasi-experimental
C)   Correlational
D)   Descriptive study
E)   Phenomenal

Question 8

A researcher is explaining the concept of risk in clinical trials.Which statements are correct regarding risk of an event? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Identification of a risk of an event does not imply causality between the factor and the studied condition.
B)   Event rate is directly tied to number of patients in the control group.
C)   Relative risk is the risk of the event after the experimental treatment as a ratio of original risk.
D)   The higher the relative risk, the more likely the event is causal.

Question 9

A nurse researcher wants to determine whether historical exposure to a specific water source is associated with later development of inflammatory bowel disease.Which type of study design will be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ex post facto design
B)   Experimental design
C)   Qualitative design
D)   Therapeutic design

Question 10

A term or phrase used to describe the reduction of risk in real reduction terms because of an experimental treatment is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Relative risk reduction
B)   Number needed to treat
C)   Control event rate
D)   Absolute risk reduction

Question 11

Which information regarding a new algorithm for pressure support surface selection should be interpreted as favorable for adoption of the algorithm? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   It is solely clinically focused.
B)   It was recently published.
C)   It is endorsed by two prominent wound care organizations.
D)   It is based on two systematic reviews from Cochrane Library.

Question 12

A nursing student reviewing an experimental study notices that one group received the "gold standard" treatment.How should this be most accurately interpreted?

Accepted Answer

A)   Experimental treatment
B)   No treatment
C)   Nonconventional treatment
D)   Current standard of treatment

Question 13

What does the vertical line represent in a graphic of a systematic review?

Accepted Answer

A)   An odds ratio of 1
B)   The 95% CI
C)   The findings from an individual study
D)   The amount of information in an individual study

Question 14

When a nurse seeks to answer a question about the effectiveness of a particular treatment,what kind of study would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Descriptive
B)   Correlational
C)   Exploratory
D)   Quasi-experimental
E)   Qualitative

Question 15

How should the nurse researcher interpret an odds ratio less than 1.0?

Accepted Answer

A)   This means there is no difference in the odds of an event occurring between the experimental and control groups.
B)   The event is less likely in the treatment group than in the control group.
C)   The event is more likely to occur in the treatment group than in the control group.
D)   Percent increase in risk of the event that is added after considering the percent of risk that would occur anyway.

Question 16

How should the nurse researcher interpret an odds ratio greater than 1.0?

Accepted Answer

A)   This means there is no difference in the odds of an event occurring between the experimental and control groups.
B)   The event is less likely in the treatment group than the control group.
C)   The event is more likely to occur in the treatment group than the control group.
D)   Percent increase in risk of the event that is added after considering the percent of risk thatWould occur anyway.

Question 17

The nurse researcher is developing a focused clinical question.What order would be most appropriate for the following statements,progressing from lowest level to highest level?
A.What is the population of interest?
B.To what will this intervention be compared?
C.What is the intervention of interest?
D.How will the intervention make things better or worse?

Accepted Answer

A)   a, b, c, d
B)   d, c, b, a
C)   d, b, c, a
D)   a, c, b, d

Question 18

How should the nurse researcher interpret an odds ratio equal to 1.0?

Accepted Answer

A)   This means there is no difference in the odds of an event occurring between the experimental and control groups.
B)   The event is less likely in the treatment group than in the control group.
C)   The event is more likely to occur in the treatment group than in the control group.
D)   Percent increase in risk of the event that is added after considering the percent of risk that would occur anyway.

Question 19

A wound-care specialist is interested in testing a handheld ultrasound probe to assess true depth of damage under an eschar-covered pressure ulcer.In reviewing product materials,which reported precision confidence interval (CI)for correct depth assessment would make the nurse interested in purchase?

Accepted Answer

A)   CI of 2-100 mm
B)   CI of 15-75 mm
C)   CI of 25-75 mm
D)   CI of 2-5 mm

Question 20

Therapy-type articles (e.g.,intervention studies)are associated with outcome variables that are categorized as (select all that apply):

Accepted Answer

A)   Continuous
B)   Isolated
C)   Rich text
D)   Dichotomous

Exam 18: Tools for Applying Evidence to Practice

How should the nurse researcher interpret a relative risk that is equal to 1.0?

To assess the efficacy of a specific intervention,which type of clinical category should the student investigate in appraising study results?

A nurse clinician reads that in an experimental study with two treatment groups and one control group,the hazard ratio between the two treatment groups was 3.0.How should this be most accurately interpreted?

Which of the following questions determine a researcher's selection of a relevant,credible article? (Select all that apply.)

How should the nurse researcher interpret a relative risk that is less than 1.0?

How is absolute risk reduction calculated?

From top to bottom,what are the study designs associated with the strongest level of evidence base? (Select all that apply.)

A researcher is explaining the concept of risk in clinical trials.Which statements are correct regarding risk of an event? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse researcher wants to determine whether historical exposure to a specific water source is associated with later development of inflammatory bowel disease.Which type of study design will be most appropriate?

A term or phrase used to describe the reduction of risk in real reduction terms because of an experimental treatment is:

Which information regarding a new algorithm for pressure support surface selection should be interpreted as favorable for adoption of the algorithm? (Select all that apply.)

A nursing student reviewing an experimental study notices that one group received the "gold standard" treatment.How should this be most accurately interpreted?

What does the vertical line represent in a graphic of a systematic review?

When a nurse seeks to answer a question about the effectiveness of a particular treatment,what kind of study would be most appropriate?

How should the nurse researcher interpret an odds ratio less than 1.0?

How should the nurse researcher interpret an odds ratio greater than 1.0?

How should the nurse researcher interpret an odds ratio equal to 1.0?

Therapy-type articles (e.g.,intervention studies) are associated with outcome variables that are categorized as (select all that apply) :