Question 1

The first corporations

Accepted Answer

A)  were towns,universities,and ecclesiastic orders.
B)  emerged in the 19th century.
C)  were government owned.
D)  were profit-making associations. A

Question 2

A common point of contention about corporations is

Accepted Answer

A)  corporate punishment is no different from individual punishment.
B)  modern corporations no longer utilize a CID structure.
C)  philosophers and business theorists disagree whether corporations are moral agents.
D)  if corporations are moral agents,then this relieves individual human beings of any moral responsibility. C

Question 3

What has Yahoo done that could help countries violate human rights? Apply a normative theory of ethics to this moral issue to explain why Yahoo did something immoral.

Accepted Answer

Yahoo has been criticized for providing the Chinese government with information that led to the arrest and imprisonment of several dissidents. In 2005, it was revealed that Yahoo had provided the Chinese government with information that led to the arrest and imprisonment of journalist Shi Tao, who had used his Yahoo email account to send a government censorship directive to a pro-democracy website. Yahoo's actions in this case have been seen as aiding and abetting the Chinese government's violation of human rights.

From a normative theory of ethics perspective, Yahoo's actions can be seen as immoral according to the deontological theory. Deontological ethics, as proposed by Immanuel Kant, emphasizes the importance of following moral rules and duties. In this case, Yahoo had a duty to respect the human rights of its users, including the right to freedom of expression. By providing the Chinese government with information that led to the imprisonment of a journalist for exercising his right to free speech, Yahoo violated this duty and acted immorally.

Additionally, from a utilitarian perspective, Yahoo's actions can also be seen as immoral. Utilitarianism, as proposed by John Stuart Mill, focuses on the consequences of actions and seeks to maximize overall happiness or well-being. In this case, the consequences of Yahoo's actions led to the suffering and imprisonment of individuals who were simply exercising their right to free speech. This resulted in a decrease in overall well-being and happiness, making Yahoo's actions morally wrong according to the utilitarian framework.

In conclusion, Yahoo's actions in providing information to the Chinese government that led to human rights violations can be seen as immoral from both deontological and utilitarian perspectives. By failing to uphold its duty to respect the human rights of its users and by causing harm and suffering through its actions, Yahoo acted immorally in this case.

Question 4

Corporations differ from partnerships and other forms of business association in two ways.One of these is that

Accepted Answer

A)  they are regulated by the Federal Trade Commission.
B)  they are formed simply by an agreement entered into among their members.
C)  they must be publicly registered or in some way officially acknowledged by the law.
D)  their shareholders are entitled to their share of the company's profits as soon as they are ascertained or determined.

Question 5

What is a moral issue raised by how drug companies are testing drugs? Apply a normative theory of ethics to this moral issue to explain why some people would think the drug companies are doing something immoral.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a moral issue raised by...

Question 6

The debate over corporate moral agency hinges on which issue?

Accepted Answer

A)  Corporate decision
B)  Corporate punishment
C)  Individual responsibility
D)  Corporate fit

Question 7

Briefly sketch the evolution of corporations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly sketch the evolution of corporations....

Question 8

Kenneth Arrow discussed two important situations in which profit maximization can be socially inefficient.One of these occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  there is an imbalance of knowledge between buyer and seller.
B)  business would be an "inept custodian" of public values.
C)  firms are unwilling or simply refuse to maximize profits.
D)  corporate culture promotes dysfunctional social relations.

Question 9

It is never profitable for corporations to acknowledge that business should be conducted to make a positive contribution to society rather than just make a profit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Externalities give us a reason to support the narrow view of corporate responsibility.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In his essay "Social Responsibility and Economic Efficiency," Kenneth Arrow has argued that corporations only have a responsibility to maximize shareholder profits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

According to Melvin Anshen,the case for a broad view of corporate responsibility can be defended on the basis of there always being a kind of social contract existing between business and society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The case of Citizens United v.Federal Election Commission ruled that corporations could spend money to support political candidates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In the corporate world,the board of directors will typically

Accepted Answer

A)  rubber stamp the policies and recommendations of the management.
B)  write the policies and procedures.
C)  be there just for show.
D)  hire and fire people for key management positions.

Question 15

Adherents of the broader view of corporate responsibility claim that modern business is intimately integrated with the rest of society and that,as a result,although society expects business to pursue its economic interests,business has other responsibilities as well.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What is a corporation (or limited-liability company) and how does it differ from partnerships and other forms of business association? What are the different kinds of corporations?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a corporation (or limited-liability company)...

Question 17

Does a company like Levi Strauss have an obligation to keep a plant open in the United States if it can be more profitable going to a foreign country? Share your reasoning.
If you were the owner of a company,would your perspective be any different?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Does a company like Levi Strauss have...

Question 18

The business-can't-handle-it argument is an argument in favor of a broad view of corporate responsibility.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

According to law professor Christopher D.Stone,the relationship between corporate management and its shareholders is identical with the relationship between you and an investment adviser.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What is the problem of "vanishing individual responsibility?"

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the problem of "vanishing individual...

Exam 5: Corporations

The first corporations

A common point of contention about corporations is

What has Yahoo done that could help countries violate human rights? Apply a normative theory of ethics to this moral issue to explain why Yahoo did something immoral.

Corporations differ from partnerships and other forms of business association in two ways.One of these is that

What is a moral issue raised by how drug companies are testing drugs? Apply a normative theory of ethics to this moral issue to explain why some people would think the drug companies are doing something immoral.

The debate over corporate moral agency hinges on which issue?

Briefly sketch the evolution of corporations.

Kenneth Arrow discussed two important situations in which profit maximization can be socially inefficient.One of these occurs when

It is never profitable for corporations to acknowledge that business should be conducted to make a positive contribution to society rather than just make a profit.

Externalities give us a reason to support the narrow view of corporate responsibility.

In his essay "Social Responsibility and Economic Efficiency," Kenneth Arrow has argued that corporations only have a responsibility to maximize shareholder profits.

According to Melvin Anshen,the case for a broad view of corporate responsibility can be defended on the basis of there always being a kind of social contract existing between business and society.

The case of Citizens United v.Federal Election Commission ruled that corporations could spend money to support political candidates.

In the corporate world,the board of directors will typically

Adherents of the broader view of corporate responsibility claim that modern business is intimately integrated with the rest of society and that,as a result,although society expects business to pursue its economic interests,business has other responsibilities as well.

What is a corporation (or limited-liability company) and how does it differ from partnerships and other forms of business association? What are the different kinds of corporations?

Does a company like Levi Strauss have an obligation to keep a plant open in the United States if it can be more profitable going to a foreign country? Share your reasoning. If you were the owner of a company,would your perspective be any different?

The business-can't-handle-it argument is an argument in favor of a broad view of corporate responsibility.

According to law professor Christopher D.Stone,the relationship between corporate management and its shareholders is identical with the relationship between you and an investment adviser.

What is the problem of "vanishing individual responsibility?"