Question 1

A researcher is analyzing the immune response of a patient following the patient's exposure to an unknown agent while out of the country. The patient's blood is found to have a high proportion of lymphocytes with CD8 surface proteins. What is the likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A) The patient encountered a bacterial infection which elicited CD8 marked T cells. 
B) The disease must have been caused by a multicellular parasite, such as can be encountered in polluted water sources. 
C) The CD8 proteins would be discharged from these lymphocytes to lyse the infected cells. 
D) The CD8 proteins marked the surfaces of cytotoxic T cells to attack virus-infected host cells. 
E) CD8 marks the surface of cells that accumulate after the infection is over and signal patient recovery.

Question 2

Which of the following is True of active but not passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

A) acquisition and activation of antibodies. 
B) proliferation of lymphocytes in bone marrow. 
C) transfers antibodies from the mother across the placenta. 
D) requires direct exposure to a living or simulated pathogen. 
E) requires secretion of interleukins from macrophages.

Question 3

The next questions refer to the following data on blood types.
 $$\begin{array} { l l l l } 
& \text { Case 1 } & \text { Case 2 } & \text { Case 3 } \
\hline \text { Mother } & \mathrm { A } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { - } & \mathrm { O } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { - } & \mathrm { AB } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { + } \
\text {Fetus } & \mathrm { A } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { + } & \mathrm { A } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { - } & \mathrm { A } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { - }
\end{array}$$ Figure 43.2
-In which of the cases could the mother exhibit an anti-Rh-factor reaction to the developing fetus?

Accepted Answer

A) Case 1 only 
B) Case 3 only 
C) Cases 1 and 2 only 
D) Cases 1, 2, and 3 
E) It cannot be determined from the data given.

Question 4

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had already been infected when she was a child, and she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, though infected, she does not get sick.
-B cells interacting with helper T cells are stimulated to differentiate when

Accepted Answer

A) B cells produce IgE antibodies. 
B) B cells release cytokines. 
C) helper T cells present the class II MHC molecule-antigen complex on their surface. 
D) helper T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells. 
E) helper T cells release cytokines.

Question 5

Use the information below as background for the following questions.
Immunodeficiencies may be genetic in origin. Two examples of these are Bruton's agammaglobulinemia, an X-linked disorder, and DiGeorge syndrome, caused by a deletion from chromosome 22. Bruton's results in underdeveloped B cells, while DiGeorge syndrome results in a missing or seriously underdeveloped thymus.
-In the human disease known as lupus, there is an immune reaction against a patient's own DNA from broken or dying cells. This kind of response typifies which kind of irregularity?

Accepted Answer

A) allergy 
B) immunodeficiency 
C) autoimmune disease 
D) antigenic variation 
E) cancer

Question 6

Consider a pencil-shaped protein with two epitopes, Y (the "eraser" end)and Z (the "point" end). They are recognized by antibodies A1 and A2, respectively. Draw and label a picture showing the antibodies linking proteins into a complex that could trigger endocytosis by a macrophage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider a pencil-shaped protein with two epitopes,...

Question 7

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
Cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation.
-Clonal selection is an explanation for how

Accepted Answer

A) a single type of stem cell can produce both red blood cells and white blood cells. 
B) V, J, and C gene segments are rearranged. 
C) an antigen can provoke production of high levels of specific antibodies. 
D) HIV can disrupt the immune system. 
E) macrophages can recognize specific T cells and B cells.

Question 8

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
Cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation.
-Histamines trigger dilation of nearby blood vessels, and increase in their permeability. Which of the signs of inflammation are therefore associated with histamine release?

Accepted Answer

A) redness and heat only 
B) swelling only 
C) pain 
D) redness, heat, and swelling 
E) all of the signs of inflammation

Question 9

Which statement best describes the difference in responses of effector B cells (plasma cells)and cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

A) B cells confer active immunity; cytotoxic T cells confer passive immunity. 
B) B cells kill viruses directly; cytotoxic T cells kill virus-infected cells. 
C) B cells secrete antibodies against a virus; cytotoxic T cells kill virus-infected cells. 
D) B cells accomplish the cell-mediated response; cytotoxic T cells accomplish the humoral response. 
E) B cells respond the first time the invader is present; cytotoxic T cells respond subsequent times.

Question 10

Naturally acquired passive immunity would involve the

Accepted Answer

A) injection of vaccine. 
B) ingestion of interferon. 
C) placental transfer of antibodies. 
D) absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes. 
E) injection of antibodies.

Question 11

A transfusion of type A blood given to a person who has type O blood would result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) the recipient's B antigens reacting with the donated anti-B antibodies 
B) the recipient's anti-A antibodies clumping the donated red blood cells 
C) the recipient's anti-A and anti-O antibodies reacting with the donated red blood cells if the donor was a heterozygote (Ai)for blood type 
D) no reaction because type O is a universal donor 
E) no reaction because the O-type individual does not have antibodies

Question 12

Why can normal immune responses be described as polyclonal?

Accepted Answer

A) Blood contains many different antibodies to many different antigens. 
B) Construction of a hybridoma requires multiple types of cells. 
C) Multiple immunoglobulins are produced from descendants of a single B cell. 
D) Diverse antibodies are produced for different epitopes of a specific antigen. 
E) Macrophages, T cells, and B cells all are involved in normal immune response.

Question 13

Which statement about the complement system is True?

Accepted Answer

A) These proteins are involved in innate immunity and not acquired immunity. 
B) These proteins are secreted by cytotoxic T cells and other CD8 cells. 
C) This group of proteins includes interferons and interleukins. 
D) These proteins are one group of antimicrobial proteins acting together in cascade fashion. 
E) These proteins act individually to attack and lyse microbes.

Question 14

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had already been infected when she was a child, and she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, though infected, she does not get sick.
-These cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity, and they respond to class I MHC molecule-antigen complexes:

Accepted Answer

A) cytotoxic T cells 
B) natural killer cells 
C) helper T cells 
D) macrophages 
E) B cells

Question 15

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
Cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation.
-Which of the following are symptoms of inflammation that might appear in such art?

Accepted Answer

A) heat, pain, and redness 
B) pain and whitening of the surrounding tissue 
C) swelling and pain 
D) antibody producing cells 
E) swelling, heat, redness, and pain

Question 16

An epitope associates with which part of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

A) the antibody-binding site 
B) the heavy-chain constant regions only 
C) variable regions of a heavy chain and light chain combined 
D) the light-chain constant regions only 
E) the antibody tail

Question 17

The next questions refer to the following data on blood types.
 $$\begin{array} { l l l l } 
& \text { Case 1 } & \text { Case 2 } & \text { Case 3 } \
\hline \text { Mother } & \mathrm { A } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { - } & \mathrm { O } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { - } & \mathrm { AB } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { + } \
\text {Fetus } & \mathrm { A } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { + } & \mathrm { A } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { - } & \mathrm { A } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { - }
\end{array}$$ Figure 43.2
-In Cases 1 and 2 in the table, the mothers would be able, if needed, to supply blood to the newborn even 7-9 months after birth; the same would not be True for Case 3. Why?

Accepted Answer

A) The fetus in Case 3 would provoke an immune response in the mother that would carry over after the birth. 
B) The newborn in Case 3 would soon be able to make antibodies to the B antigen of the mother. 
C) Newborn children, until about age 2, do not make appreciable antibodies, except against Rh+ antigen. 
D) Passive immunity would have worn off for the third newborn, but not for the other two. 
E) This difference is based on which of the mothers has been nursing their children, not on blood antigens.

Question 18

An immunoglobulin (Ig)molecule, of whatever class, has regions symbolized as C or V, H or L. A light chain has which of these regions?

Accepted Answer

A) one C and one V region 
B) three C and one V region 
C) one H and one L region 
D) three H and one L region 
E) two C and two V regions

Question 19

An invertebrate, such as an insect, has innate immunity that can be nonspecific about which pathogens are prevented from harming its metabolism. Which of the following is most likely to function this way in the insect's intestine?

Accepted Answer

A) complement 
B) lysozyme 
C) mucus 
D) neutrophils 
E) dendritic cells

Question 20

Use the graph in Figure 43.1 to answer the following questions.
  
Figure 43.1
-When would you find antibodies being produced?

Accepted Answer

A) between 3 and 7 days 
B) between 14 and 21 days 
C) between 28 and 35 days 
D) 14-21 and 42-56 days 
E) both A and C

Exam 43: The Immune System

A researcher is analyzing the immune response of a patient following the patient's exposure to an unknown agent while out of the country. The patient's blood is found to have a high proportion of lymphocytes with CD8 surface proteins. What is the likely cause?

Which of the following is True of active but not passive immunity?

Consider a pencil-shaped protein with two epitopes, Y (the "eraser" end)and Z (the "point" end). They are recognized by antibodies A1 and A2, respectively. Draw and label a picture showing the antibodies linking proteins into a complex that could trigger endocytosis by a macrophage.

Use the following information to answer the following questions. Cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation. -Clonal selection is an explanation for how

Which statement best describes the difference in responses of effector B cells (plasma cells) and cytotoxic T cells?

Naturally acquired passive immunity would involve the

A transfusion of type A blood given to a person who has type O blood would result in which of the following?

Why can normal immune responses be described as polyclonal?

Which statement about the complement system is True?

Use the following information to answer the following questions. Cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation. -Which of the following are symptoms of inflammation that might appear in such art?

An epitope associates with which part of an antibody?

An immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule, of whatever class, has regions symbolized as C or V, H or L. A light chain has which of these regions?

An invertebrate, such as an insect, has innate immunity that can be nonspecific about which pathogens are prevented from harming its metabolism. Which of the following is most likely to function this way in the insect's intestine?

Use the graph in Figure 43.1 to answer the following questions. Figure 43.1 -When would you find antibodies being produced?