Question 1

Assuming that they all belong to the same plant, arrange the following structures from largest to smallest (or from most inclusive to least inclusive). 1. spores
2) sporophylls
3) sporophytes
4) sporangia

Accepted Answer

A) 2, 4, 3, 1 
B) 2, 3, 4, 1 
C) 3, 1, 4, 2 
D) 3, 4, 2, 1 
E) 3, 2, 4, 1

Question 2

Refer to the information below to answer the following questions. Researchers decided to test the hypothesis that if the 2-m tall Polytrichum gametophyte-sporophyte plants had acted as a physical buffer, then they would have reduced water's ability to erode the soil, and carry away its nitrogen. They began with four equal-sized areas where Polytrichum mosses grew to a height of 2 m above the soil surface. One of the four areas was not modified. In the second area, the mosses were trimmed to a height of 1 m above the soil surface. In the third area, the mosses were trimmed to a height of 0.5 m above the soil surface. In the fourth area, the mosses were trimmed all the way to the ground, leaving only the rhizoids. Water, simulating rainfall, was then added in a controlled fashion to all plots over the course of one year. Figure 29.2 below presents four graphs, which depict potential results of this experiment.
 (A)

(C)

(B)

(D)

Figure 29.2
-Which graph of soil nitrogen loss over time in Figure 29.2 most strongly supports the hypothesis that if the 2-m tall Polytrichum gametophyte-sporophyte plants had acted as a physical buffer, then they would have reduced water's ability to erode the soil, and carry away its nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the information below to answer...

Question 3

A major change that occurred during the evolution of plants from their algal ancestors was the origin of a branched sporophyte. What advantage would branched sporophytes provide in this stage of the life cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) increased gamete production 
B) increased spore production 
C) increased potential for independence of the diploid stage from the haploid stage 
D) increased fertilization rate 
E) increased size of the diploid stage

Question 4

Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible?

Accepted Answer

A) increase of the above-ground stem. 
B) decreased absorption of mineral nutrients. 
C) increased absorption of CO₂. 
D) increased number of chloroplasts in roots. 
E) effective lateral growth of the stem.

Question 5

If a fern gametophyte is a hermaphrodite (that is, has both male and female gametangia on the same plant), then it

Accepted Answer

A) belongs to a species that is homosporous. 
B) must be diploid. 
C) has lost the need for a sporophyte generation. 
D) has antheridia and archegonia combined into a single sex organ. 
E) is actually not a fern, because fern gametophytes are always either male or female.

Question 6

The following are all adaptations to life on land except

Accepted Answer

A) rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes. 
B) cuticles. 
C) tracheids. 
D) reduced gametophyte generation. 
E) seeds.

Question 7

Each of the following is a general characteristic of bryophytes except

Accepted Answer

A) a cellulose cell wall. 
B) vascular tissue. 
C) chlorophylls a and b. 
D) being photosynthetic autotrophs. 
E) being eukaryotic.

Question 8

The structural integrity of bacteria is to peptidoglycan as the structural integrity of plant spores is to

Accepted Answer

A) lignin. 
B) cellulose. 
C) secondary compounds. 
D) sporopollenin.

Question 9

Which of these should have had gene sequences most similar to the charophyte that was the common ancestor of the land plants?

Accepted Answer

A) early angiosperms 
B) early bryophytes 
C) early gymnosperms 
D) early lycophytes 
E) early pterophytes

Question 10

Microphylls are characteristic of which types of plants?

Accepted Answer

A) mosses 
B) liverworts 
C) lycophytes 
D) ferns 
E) hornworts

Question 11

Two, small, poorly drained lakes lie close to each other in a northern forest. The basins of both lakes are composed of the same geologic substratum. One lake is surrounded by a dense Sphagnum mat; the other is not. Compared to the pond with Sphagnum, the pond lacking the moss mat should have

Accepted Answer

A) lower numbers of bacteria. 
B) reduced rates of decomposition. 
C) reduced oxygen content. 
D) less-acidic water.

Question 12

Choose the adaptation below that best meets each particular challenge for life on land.
-transport of water, minerals, and nutrients

Accepted Answer

A) tracheids and phloem 
B) secondary compounds 
C) cuticle 
D) alternation of generations

Question 13

The following questions are based on the description and Figure 29.1 below, which is the same as Fig. 29.10 in the textbook.
Researchers tested nitrogen loss from soil where the moss Polytrichum was growing, to soil from which Polytrichum had been removed. The data are presented below.
  
Figure 29.1
-Loss of soil nitrogen via "gaseous emission" was found to be negligible. Rather, most loss of soil nitrogen was due to water erosion of the soil. Which of these hypotheses is least likely to account for the observed results?

Accepted Answer

A) If rhizoids had helped stabilize the soil, then less erosion and less loss of nitrogen would occur. 
B) If protonemata had absorbed, and stored, nitrogen from the soil, then they would have reduced loss of nitrogen by erosion. 
C) If the overlying mat of gametophores had slowed the entry of water into the soil, then it would have reduced water's ability to erode the soil, and carry away its nitrogen. 
D) If sporophyte stomata had absorbed nitrogen from the soil, then they would have reduced loss of nitrogen by erosion.

Question 14

Among bryophytes, only the sporophytes of mosses and hornworts have stomata, whereas stomata are missing from liverwort sporophytes. If the common ancestor of all bryophytes had sporophytes that bore stomata, then which of these might account for their absence from liverwort sporophytes? If, in contrast to early mosses and hornworts, early liverwort sporophytes had

Accepted Answer

A) more-effective transport of glucose from gametophyte to sporophyte. 
B) increased robustness (i.e., thicker, more massive tissues). 
C) increased nutritional independence from the gametophyte. 
D) decreased need to broadcast spores long distances.

Exam 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Assuming that they all belong to the same plant, arrange the following structures from largest to smallest (or from most inclusive to least inclusive) . 1. spores 2) sporophylls 3) sporophytes 4) sporangia