Question 1

Stimulus discrimination and stimulus generalization are basically opposite processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

An actor is hired to appear in a series of commercials promoting a new laptop computer. The actor's last two movies, though, have failed at the box office. This means that the actor may NOT serve as the optimal _____ in the commercials.

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcer 
B) positive reinforcer 
C) CS 
D) US

Question 3

Skip would like his partner to stop leaving shaving cream and stubble in the sink after he shaves in the morning.At first, Skip complains to his partner about the mess. Then Skip changes tactics: he thanks his partner on the occasional mornings when he rinses out the sink. Skip has changed from using _____ to using _____.

Accepted Answer

A) positive punishment; positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement; negative punishment 
C) negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement 
D) positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement

Question 4

Alexis uses cocaine, which activates her sympathetic nervous system. When anticipating a visit from her dealer, her hands shake and her heart pounds. Which of the following correctly identifies the neutral stimulus, the CS, and the US?

Accepted Answer

A) neutral stimulus - knock on the door; CS - cocaine; US - cocaine 
B) neutral stimulus - knock on the door; CS - knock on the door; US - pounding heart 
C) neutral stimulus - knock on the door; CS - knock on the door; US - cocaine 
D) neutral stimulus - cocaine; CS - knock on the door; US - cocaine

Question 5

In Pavlov's study, the US was _____; the neutral stimulus was _____; and, finally, the CS was ____.

Accepted Answer

A) meat; the bell; meat 
B) meat; the bell; the bell 
C) the bell; meat; meat 
D) meat; meat; the bell

Question 6

When parents gives their teens money for good grades, they are providing a reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

When Saralyn's partner says "I'm going to bed early," she follows expectantly; when he says, "I'm tired," she stays behind and reads in the living room for a while. Saralyn's behavior demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus generalization. 
B) instinctive drift. 
C) stimulus discrimination. 
D) acquisition training.

Question 8

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be limited to less than _____ hours of screen time per day. Preschool children average _____ hours of screen time each day.

Accepted Answer

A) 2; 4.4 
B) 2; 5.5 
C) 3; 4.4 
D) 3; 5.5

Question 9

Although Pavlov is best known for his contributions to psychology, he was actually a physiologist.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Imagine that you are a parent, a teacher, or a supervisor in a workplace. Give specific examples of how you might use (a) positive reinforcement, (b) negative reinforcement, (c) positive punishment, and (d) negative punishment to bring about desirable changes in the behavior of a child, student, or subordinate worker.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that you are a parent, a...

Question 11

Which promotion exemplifies the use of a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) Every now and then, a café announces a two-for-one deal. 
B) A café offers its customers a punch card. Each time a patron purchases a beverage, a hold is punched; when ten holes are punched, the patron receives a free beverage. 
C) A café prints "You are a winner" on a random one-twelfth of its coffee lids; patrons receiving such a lid can redeem it for a free beverage. 
D) A café offers each patron an early morning two-for-one free-beverage-with-purchase deal from 5 to 6 a.m. on Monday mornings.

Question 12

In Bandura's observational learning work, which of the following is MOST likely a dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A) whether children see a film of an adult model or not 
B) whether the model in the film behaves aggressively or not 
C) whether children mimic the model's aggressive behavior 
D) whether children are allowed to play with the doll after the film

Question 13

Negative reinforcement weakens behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Shaping is achieved through reinforcing successive approximations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which cognitive learning theorist is correctly matched with the concept with which he is associated?

Accepted Answer

A) Tolman - latent learning 
B) Kohler - insight 
C) Both Tolman and Kohler are correctly matched. 
D) Neither Tolman nor Kohler is correctly matched.

Question 16

Define learning. Define and provide examples for three of the following terms: a) habituation; b) stimulus; c) operant conditioning; and d) observational learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define learning. Define and provide examples for...

Question 17

The psychologist _____ taught pigeons to bowl through _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Bandura; modeling 
B) Bandura; shaping 
C) Skinner; modeling 
D) Skinner; shaping

Question 18

The process of teaching complex behavior by reinforcing ever closer approximations of the desired behavior is called:

Accepted Answer

A) shaping. 
B) stimulus generalization. 
C) instinctive drift. 
D) modeling.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correlation coefficient a researcher would MOST likely obtain between scores on a measure of exposure to media violence and scores on a measure of aggressive behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) .30 
B) .80 
C) 1.00 
D) -.50

Question 20

Louis demonstrates observational learning when he imitates his trainer's stance to perform a weightlifting exercise.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: Consciousness

Stimulus discrimination and stimulus generalization are basically opposite processes.

An actor is hired to appear in a series of commercials promoting a new laptop computer. The actor's last two movies, though, have failed at the box office. This means that the actor may NOT serve as the optimal _____ in the commercials.

Alexis uses cocaine, which activates her sympathetic nervous system. When anticipating a visit from her dealer, her hands shake and her heart pounds. Which of the following correctly identifies the neutral stimulus, the CS, and the US?

In Pavlov's study, the US was ___; the neutral stimulus was _; and, finally, the CS was __.

When parents gives their teens money for good grades, they are providing a reinforcer.

When Saralyn's partner says "I'm going to bed early," she follows expectantly; when he says, "I'm tired," she stays behind and reads in the living room for a while. Saralyn's behavior demonstrates:

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be limited to less than _ hours of screen time per day. Preschool children average _ hours of screen time each day.

Although Pavlov is best known for his contributions to psychology, he was actually a physiologist.

Which promotion exemplifies the use of a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

In Bandura's observational learning work, which of the following is MOST likely a dependent variable?

Negative reinforcement weakens behavior.

Shaping is achieved through reinforcing successive approximations.

Which cognitive learning theorist is correctly matched with the concept with which he is associated?

Define learning. Define and provide examples for three of the following terms: a) habituation; b) stimulus; c) operant conditioning; and d) observational learning.

The psychologist _ taught pigeons to bowl through _.

The process of teaching complex behavior by reinforcing ever closer approximations of the desired behavior is called:

Which of the following is the correlation coefficient a researcher would MOST likely obtain between scores on a measure of exposure to media violence and scores on a measure of aggressive behavior?

Louis demonstrates observational learning when he imitates his trainer's stance to perform a weightlifting exercise.