Question 1

With respect to the psychology of emotion, William James would be MOST interested in the:

Accepted Answer

A) contribution of unconscious memories to one's emotional experience. 
B) observable behaviors associated with emotion. 
C) way in which emotions aid one's adaptation to the environment. 
D) basic nature of an emotional feeling or experience.

Question 2

At Folger University, Drs. Chase and Sanborn are conducting an experiment on the effects of caffeine on memory. Participants are randomly assigned to a caffeine or a no-caffeine group; their recall of items on a word list is later assessed. Which pair correctly identifies a variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) caffeine - dependent variable 
B) word recall - experimental variable 
C) caffeine - independent variable 
D) word recall - independent variable

Question 3

Using a sample of young adolescents, Dr. Nguyen finds a correlation of .55 between scores on a measure of neglectful or uninvolved parenting and scores on a measure of delinquent behavior. Based on this correlation alone, Dr. Nguyen can legitimately conclude that:

Accepted Answer

A) uninvolved parenting causes juvenile delinquency. 
B) low SES is associated with both uninvolved parenting and juvenile delinquency. 
C) uninvolved parenting is unrelated to delinquency. 
D) parenting that is more uninvolved is related to a higher degree of delinquent behavior.

Question 4

A psychologist advises a petroleum company on selecting offshore oil rig workers likely to comply with safety regulations. The psychologist is pursuing psychology's goal of:

Accepted Answer

A) description. 
B) prediction. 
C) explanation. 
D) control.

Question 5

How is it that the experimental method allows researchers to draw cause-and-effect conclusions? Identify the critical elements of the experimental method and explain how each helps enable the development of valid causal conclusions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is it that the experimental method...

Question 6

Whether a field of study is a science is determined by the:

Accepted Answer

A) credentials of those who specialize in the field. 
B) methods used to collect information in the field. 
C) technological sophistication of the equipment used in the field. 
D) subject matter of the field.

Question 7

According to the textbook, _____ variables change along with the independent variable, making it difficult to pinpoint actual causes. These variables are thus roughly similar to _____ in correlational research.

Accepted Answer

A) extraneous; confounding variables 
B) extraneous; third factors 
C) confounding; extraneous variables 
D) confounding; third factors

Question 8

Plato is to nurture as Aristotle is to nature.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of these is NOT a disadvantage of naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

A) The researchers cannot control any of the variables in the situation. 
B) The research takes place in an artificial setting and may involve contrived manipulations. 
C) The researchers may be susceptible to observer bias. 
D) The individuals under observation may alter their behavior if they are aware of the observer.

Question 10

Dr. O'Malley is telling his participants before he begins the experiment that their participation is completely voluntary and that they can stop taking part at any time. Dr. Quick is providing a detailed explanation to participants who have just completed a study. Which statement is True?

Accepted Answer

A) Dr. O'Malley is debriefing his participants. Dr. Quick is obtaining informed consent from her participants. 
B) Dr. O'Malley is obtaining informed consent from his participants. Dr. Quick is debriefing her participants. 
C) Both Dr. O'Malley and Dr. Quick are obtaining informed consent from their participants. 
D) Both Dr. O'Malley and Dr. Quick are debriefing their participants.

Question 11

Dr. Moyer is studying the association between opportunities for workplace creativity and overall happiness. Dr. Moyer is a(n) _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A) positive 
B) cognitive 
C) adaptive 
D) psychoanalytic

Question 12

Which early female psychologist might be considered a developmental psychologist?

Accepted Answer

A) Mary Whiton Calkins 
B) Margaret Floy Washburn 
C) Mamie Phipps Clark 
D) Elizabeth Loftus

Question 13

Describe survey research, highlighting not only its advantages but also several issues that researchers must consider when designing survey research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe survey research, highlighting not only its...

Question 14

More psychologists work in hospitals than in any other setting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of these individuals is LEAST likely to be a psychologist?

Accepted Answer

A) Dionne, who holds a PhD degree 
B) Everett, who has an MD degree 
C) Fallon, who graduated with a PsyD degree 
D) Each of these individuals is equally likely to be a psychologist.

Question 16

The correlation coefficient ranges from _____ to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) 1; 100 
B) -1.00; 1.00 
C) 0; 1 
D) -100; 100

Question 17

The goal of "control" is addressed most directly by applied research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Research focused on changing behaviors or outcomes is called _____ research.

Accepted Answer

A) basic 
B) practical 
C) experimental 
D) applied

Question 19

Dr. Franklin is examining the association between the experience of discrimination and self-esteem among children and adolescents. Her research reflects the pioneering work of _____, one of psychology's "founding mothers."

Accepted Answer

A) Elizabeth Loftus 
B) Margaret Floy Washburn 
C) Margaret Whiton Calkins 
D) Mamie Phipps Clark

Question 20

Descriptive statistics:

Accepted Answer

A) allow predictions beyond a data set. 
B) show how two or more variables are related. 
C) summarize a set of data. 
D) indicate the significance of the results.

Exam 1: An Introduction to Psychology

With respect to the psychology of emotion, William James would be MOST interested in the:

Using a sample of young adolescents, Dr. Nguyen finds a correlation of .55 between scores on a measure of neglectful or uninvolved parenting and scores on a measure of delinquent behavior. Based on this correlation alone, Dr. Nguyen can legitimately conclude that:

A psychologist advises a petroleum company on selecting offshore oil rig workers likely to comply with safety regulations. The psychologist is pursuing psychology's goal of:

How is it that the experimental method allows researchers to draw cause-and-effect conclusions? Identify the critical elements of the experimental method and explain how each helps enable the development of valid causal conclusions.

Whether a field of study is a science is determined by the:

According to the textbook, _ variables change along with the independent variable, making it difficult to pinpoint actual causes. These variables are thus roughly similar to _ in correlational research.

Plato is to nurture as Aristotle is to nature.

Which of these is NOT a disadvantage of naturalistic observation?

Dr. O'Malley is telling his participants before he begins the experiment that their participation is completely voluntary and that they can stop taking part at any time. Dr. Quick is providing a detailed explanation to participants who have just completed a study. Which statement is True?

Dr. Moyer is studying the association between opportunities for workplace creativity and overall happiness. Dr. Moyer is a(n) _____ psychologist.

Which early female psychologist might be considered a developmental psychologist?

Describe survey research, highlighting not only its advantages but also several issues that researchers must consider when designing survey research.

More psychologists work in hospitals than in any other setting.

Which of these individuals is LEAST likely to be a psychologist?

The correlation coefficient ranges from _ to _.

The goal of "control" is addressed most directly by applied research.

Research focused on changing behaviors or outcomes is called _____ research.

Dr. Franklin is examining the association between the experience of discrimination and self-esteem among children and adolescents. Her research reflects the pioneering work of _____, one of psychology's "founding mothers."

Descriptive statistics: