Question 1

A major enzyme involved in protein digestion is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreatic lipase
B)  amylase
C)  pepsin
D)  lingual lipase C

Question 2

You are most likely to observe coprophagy in which of the following animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  carnivores
B)  herbivores
C)  fluid feeders
D)  suspension feeders B

Question 3

What is the importance of consuming an adequate amount of proteins in the diet?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are most commonly used to meet energy demands of cells.
B)  Proteins serve a variety of functions,and the body does not store excess quantities of protein.
C)  They are used as cofactors for metabolic reactions and are required in minute quantities.
D)  Proteins are necessary to produce urea and other important metabolites. B

Question 4

The pancreas is involved in the digestion of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein,fat,and carbohydrates
B)  protein and fat
C)  fat
D)  fat and nuclease

Question 5

Refer to the following nutrition label for the corresponding question(s).Apple juice has the following nutrition label:
Contains 100% Juice
 
-How many food calories does the jug of apple juice contain?

Accepted Answer

A)  120
B)  240
C)  480
D)  960

Question 6

Figure 43.3
 
-The Pimas are a group of people living in the southwestern U.S.and Mexico.Although Pima Indians living in the U.S.and Mexico have a similar genetic background,a five-fold increase in the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus among U.S.Pima has been reported.The body mass index of Mexicans of non-Pima descent,Mexicans of Pima descent,and Pimas living in the U.S.is shown in Figure 43.3.Based on this graph,what can you infer about the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obesity is a risk factor for development of type II diabetes mellitus.
B)  If you maintain a normal body weight (BMI 
C)  The incidence of type II diabetes mellitus has increased in the past 10 years.
D)  People who develop type II diabetes mellitus are typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence.

Question 7

Aquaporins have been identified in the epithelium of the large intestine.What is the function of these aquaporins?

Accepted Answer

A)  to secrete water into the large intestine
B)  to reabsorb water from the large intestine
C)  to regulate solute transport from the feces to the body
D)  to release hormones involved in regulating digestive processes of the large intestine

Question 8

Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes like pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?

Accepted Answer

A)  These proteolytic enzymes,in active form,would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
B)  They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin.
C)  The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form.
D)  Pepsin and trypsin have never been isolated in their fully activated form.

Question 9

Figure 43.2
 
-The electron micrograms in Figure 43.2 are images of mouthparts of different animals.Which of the mouthparts are specialized for crushing and grinding?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure 43.2
 
-The electron micrograms in Figure...

Question 10

Refer to the following nutrition label for the corresponding question(s).Apple juice has the following nutrition label:
Contains 100% Juice
 
-If the person consumes 2500 calories daily to maintain body weight,what percentage of the RDA for iron would this person receive from a serving of apple juice?

Accepted Answer

A)  20%
B)  less than 20%
C)  more than 20%

Question 11

Which of the following molecules are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into epithelial cells through simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  monosaccharides
B)  disaccharides and trisaccharides
C)  lipids
D)  amino acids

Question 12

Figure 43.1
 
-What can the mouthparts of an animal tell you about its diet?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mouthparts of animals are specialized to obtain desired food items efficiently.
B)  Mouthparts provide clues about the type of digestion that goes on in the stomach.
C)  Mouthparts provide clues about the rate of nutrient absorption.
D)  Mouthparts of all animals are designed to reduce the size of the food particles ingested.

Question 13

Refer to the following nutrition label for the corresponding question(s).Apple juice has the following nutrition label:
Contains 100% Juice
 
-From the nutrition information contained on the label above,you can infer that apple juice would be useful in the treatment of which of the following vitamin deficiencies?

Accepted Answer

A)  beriberi
B)  scurvy
C)  anemia
D)  rickets

Question 14

The function of mechanical digestion is to break down large chunks of food into smaller pieces.Why is this important?

Accepted Answer

A)  Smaller pieces of food do not taste as good as larger pieces of food.
B)  Smaller pieces of food have more surface area for chemical digestion than do larger pieces of food.
C)  Smaller pieces of food are easier to excrete than are larger pieces of food.
D)  Smaller pieces of food are more easily stored in the stomach than are larger pieces of food.

Question 15

What is the purpose of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  The villi and microvilli neutralize stomach acid.
B)  The villi and microvilli activate trypsinogen.
C)  The villi and microvilli increase the surface area to increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption.
D)  The villi and microvilli emulsify lipid molecules.

Question 16

Over-the-counter medications for acid reflux or heartburn block the production of stomach acid.Which of the following cells are directly affected by this medication?

Accepted Answer

A)  goblet cells
B)  chief cells
C)  parietal cells
D)  smooth muscle cells

Question 17

A major risk factor for atherosclerosis is high levels of dietary cholesterol.If you get your lipid levels checked regularly,which of the following,when elevated,most significantly increases your risk for developing atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  HDL cholesterol
B)  LDL cholesterol
C)  liver LDL receptors
D)  cholecystokinin

Question 18

After a large meal the production of _____ will increase.After fasting the production of _____ will increase.

Accepted Answer

A)  trypsin;trypsinogen
B)  glucagon;glucose
C)  glucagon;pepsinogen
D)  insulin;glucagon

Question 19

If there is a strong genetic link for type II diabetes mellitus in your family,how might you minimize your risk of developing the disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  monitor your blood glucose levels daily
B)  take oral insulin daily
C)  maintain a healthy lifestyle that includes diet and exercise
D)  eat complex carbohydrates like starch instead of sweets

Question 20

If you place a small piece of a salted cracker on your tongue,what would you expect to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The salty flavor would increase the amount of saliva in the mouth.
B)  Salivary amylase degrades the starch from the cracker into glucose.
C)  The salty flavor will increase the salivary amylase in the mouth.
D)  The salty flavor becomes less noticeable because of the glucose in the cracker.

Exam 43: Animal Nutrition