Question 1

The Austrian Empire was an ethnically homogenous state.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

What were the chief ideas of nationalism and utopian socialism? How did they seek to change society?

Accepted Answer

Nationalism and utopian socialism were two distinct but related movements that emerged in the 19th century with the aim of transforming society.

Nationalism was primarily focused on the idea of creating a strong sense of national identity and unity among a group of people who shared a common language, culture, and history. It sought to promote the idea that a nation should have its own independent state and government, free from outside control or influence. Nationalists believed that this sense of unity and independence would lead to greater prosperity and well-being for the people within the nation. They sought to change society by promoting a sense of national pride and unity, and by advocating for the creation of independent nation-states.

Utopian socialism, on the other hand, was a movement that aimed to create a more equal and just society through the establishment of ideal communities or "utopias." Utopian socialists believed that the existing social and economic systems were inherently flawed and that a more cooperative and communal way of living would lead to greater happiness and prosperity for all. They sought to change society by creating and promoting these ideal communities as models for the rest of society to follow.

Both nationalism and utopian socialism sought to change society by promoting a sense of unity and identity among a group of people, and by advocating for new social and political structures that would lead to greater equality and prosperity. While their specific methods and goals were different, both movements were driven by a desire to create a better and more just society for all.

Question 3

What vision of postwar Europe informed the proceedings of the Congress of Vienna? How did the Concert of Europe attempt to secure those goals? Were these two efforts successful?

Accepted Answer

The vision of postwar Europe that informed the proceedings of the Congress of Vienna was one of stability, order, and the restoration of the balance of power among the major European powers. The Congress aimed to redraw the map of Europe in a way that would prevent future conflicts and maintain the status quo. The major powers at the Congress, including Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain, sought to establish a system of collective security and cooperation to prevent the rise of any one power that could threaten the balance of power.

The Concert of Europe was an attempt to secure these goals by establishing a system of regular consultation and cooperation among the major powers. The Concert aimed to address any potential conflicts or issues that could disrupt the balance of power and stability in Europe. The major powers agreed to meet periodically to discuss and address any potential threats to the established order, and to intervene collectively if necessary to maintain the balance of power.

In many ways, the efforts of the Congress of Vienna and the Concert of Europe were successful in achieving their goals. The balance of power in Europe was largely maintained for several decades after the Congress, and major conflicts were avoided. The Concert of Europe also successfully addressed several potential crises, such as the Greek War of Independence and the Belgian Revolution, through diplomatic means.

However, these efforts were not without their limitations and failures. The Concert of Europe was unable to prevent the outbreak of the Crimean War in 1853, and the balance of power in Europe eventually broke down in the lead-up to World War I. Additionally, the Congress of Vienna and the Concert of Europe were criticized for their conservative and reactionary approach, which stifled the aspirations of nationalist movements and led to social and political unrest in many parts of Europe. Overall, while the Congress of Vienna and the Concert of Europe were largely successful in maintaining stability and preventing major conflicts in Europe for a time, they ultimately could not prevent the forces of nationalism and imperialism from leading to the outbreak of World War I.

Question 4

What did the French constitution of 1848 create?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Second Republic with a one-house legislature
B)  A liberal state with limited political participation
C)  The Third Republic
D)  An absolutist monarchy
E)  A socialist state

Question 5

Whose presidency opened up a new age of democratic politics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thomas Jefferson
B)  Andrew Jackson
C)  James Monroe
D)  James Madison
E)  Abraham Lincoln

Question 6

What did the Frankfurt Assembly achieve in 1848?

Accepted Answer

A)  It unanimously adopted a Grossdeutsch solution for the Germanies.
B)  It succeeded in making Prussia's Frederick William IV president of a united Germany.
C)  It failed in its attempt to create a united Germany.
D)  It gained the support of Austria.
E)  It declared its solidarity with revolutionary France.

Question 7

Discuss the revolutions of 1848 in France, central Europe, and Italy. What caused them? What did they achieve initially? Why did the revolutionary forces fail? What were the long-term achievements of the revolutions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the revolutions of 1848 in France,...

Question 8

The Reform Act of 1832

Accepted Answer

A)  was pushed through by the landed aristocracy.
B)  primarily benefited the working poor.
C)  made British throne an elected position.
D)  abolished the House of Lords.
E)  increased the number of people eligible to vote.

Question 9

What made nationalism a radical political ideology in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What made nationalism a radical political ideology...

Question 10

A severe industrial and agricultural depression helped spark revolution in ______________ in 1848.

Accepted Answer

A)  France
B)  Great Britain
C)  Italy
D)  Poland
E)  Belgium

Question 11

Who was known as "the Liberator" in Latin America?

Accepted Answer

A)  José de San Martín
B)  Simón Bolívar
C)  Guillermo Pelgrón
D)  Simón Carreño
E)  George Washington

Question 12

In 1821 the Greeks revolted against the Ottoman Turks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Who set up a self-contained cooperative community in New Harmony, Indiana?

Accepted Answer

A)  John Stuart Mill
B)  Robert Owen
C)  Karl Marx
D)  Frances Wright
E)  Edmund Burke

Question 14

Alexander Hamilton feared political centralization and its consequences for popular liberties.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which European state dominated the Latin American economy even after many countries gained their independence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spain
B)  Portugal
C)  France
D)  Germany
E)  Great Britain

Question 16

What did the Congress of Vienna achieve?

Accepted Answer

A)  It gave Prussia complete control over Polish lands.
B)  It created policies that would maintain the European balance of power.
C)  It failed to achieve long-lasting peace among European nations.
D)  It treated France leniently following Napoleon's One Hundred Days.
E)  It sanctioned the political power of the bourgeoisie.

Question 17

Great Britain, Russia, France, Prussia and __________ met periodically in conferences known as the Concert of Europe to discuss common interests.

Accepted Answer

A)  Austria
B)  Spain
C)  Italy
D)  Greece
E)  Belgium

Question 18

What were the causes and consequences of the revolutions of 1830?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What were the causes and consequences of...

Question 19

Which architectural style were the Romantics attracted to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gothic
B)  Baroque
C)  Neo-classical
D)  Post-Modernist
E)  Renaissance

Question 20

Who formulated the idea of the "principle of legitimacy"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Louis-Philippe
B)  Napoleon
C)  Klemens von Metternich
D)  Talleyrand
E)  Edmund Burke

Exam 8: Reaction Revolution and Romanticism 1815-1850