Question 1

Self-handicapping is the term that refers to when people act in ways that may undermine their subsequent performances,thereby having anticipatory excuses for potential failures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

It is quite common for students with low grade point averages to predict they will receive considerably higher grades in the approaching term.The text cites this as an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  belief perseverance 
B)  self-handicapping 
C)  the fundamental attribution error 
D)  the self-serving bias

Question 3

Chapter 16 ("Classroom")discusses three cognitive errors.Explain how two of the three cognitive errors may affect students in the classroom environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chapter 16 ("Classroom")discusses three cognitive errors.Explain how...

Question 4

Growing up in an individualistic culture predisposes people to look for personal internal explanations for behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In collectivistic cultures,community cooperation is valued more than individual distinction,and people from those countries tend to favor external rather than internal attributions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Explain what is meant by the overjustification effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what is meant by the overjustification...

Question 7

Define belief perseverance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define belief perseverance....

Question 8

The author of Chapter 16 ("Classroom")and possibly your course instructor may find the focus of the chapter (i.e.,applying social psychology to the classroom)to be very interesting.On the other hand,as you read the chapter for your course,you may not find it all that interesting.Which cognitive process may,in particular,contribute to your lower interest level?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-serving bias 
B)  overjustification effect 
C)  belief perseverance 
D)  out-group bias

Question 9

The author of Chapter 16 ("Classroom")advises that if your instructor introduces evidence to support a position about an issue that conflicts with your own views on the issue,you should try to think of reasons why the position supported by the instructor might be correct and reasons why your position might be wrong.This advice is aimed,in particular,at minimizing problems associated with ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the fundamental attribution error 
B)  social categorization 
C)  the self-serving bias 
D)  belief perseverance

Question 10

Describe Smith and Whitehead's (1984)study of how individualism and collectivism influence the fundamental attribution error.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Smith and Whitehead's (1984)study of how...

Question 11

Siegel,Scillitoe,and Parks-Yancy (2005)found that students who engaged in a high self-affirming task (writing about values important to them)were

Accepted Answer

A)  more likely to engage in self-handicapping on a subsequent test than students who engaged in a low self-affirming task (writing about an unimportant value) 
B)  less likely to engage in self-handicapping on a subsequent test than students who engaged in a low self-affirming task (writing about an unimportant value) 
C)  more likely to think about the importance of school and academic achievement 
D)  less likely to engage in self-serving bias

Question 12

Lepper,Ross,and Lau (1986)conducted a study in which students solved math problems after viewing a films that provided effective or ineffective instructions on how to solve the problems.This study demonstrated

Accepted Answer

A)  the value of instructional films in promoting educational goals 
B)  that students attributed their performance on math problems to themselves, not to the instructions they received 
C)  that the quality of the instructions does not matter when educating students 
D)  that students attributed their performance on math problems to the instructions they received, not to themselves

Question 13

Suppose that you end up getting a very good grade on this test.Which pattern of attributions most clearly reflects the operation of the self-serving bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both you and your instructor attribute the grade to your solid understanding of the material. 
B)  Both you and your instructor attribute the grade to effective teaching. 
C)  You attribute the grade to solid understanding of the material, and your instructor attributes the grade to effective teaching. 
D)  You attribute the grade to effective teaching, and your instructor attributes the grade to solid understanding of the material.

Question 14

The major reason that people self-handicap seems to be to

Accepted Answer

A)  motivate themselves to work harder 
B)  project a competent image to others 
C)  be able to assign the responsibility for failure to internal causes 
D)  protect their self-images

Question 15

Explain social categorization,and identify two forms of bias associated with this cognitive error.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain social categorization,and identify two forms of...

Question 16

The overjustification effect is an example of a cognitive error.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Sometimes instructors play the devil's advocate by introducing ideas they do not personally endorse.When this occurs,students may be especially vulnerable to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-serving bias 
B)  belief perseverance 
C)  the fundamental attribution error 
D)  out-group bias

Question 18

Suppose an instructor is unhappy with the performance of a student who has received Ds on the first two tests of the course and has missed several classes.The instructor is forming the impression that the student has low interest in the course but decides to speak with the student to ascertain if there are extenuating circumstances.In taking this last step,the instructor (wittingly or unwittingly)is guarding,in particular,against the influence of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  belief perseverance 
B)  the self-serving bias 
C)  out-group bias 
D)  the fundamental attribution error

Question 19

Which statement is true of the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

A)  People believe that they are less prone to making the fundamental error than other people. 
B)  People believe that they are more prone to making the fundamental error than other people. 
C)  Our peers tend to take situational factors into account more than we do. 
D)  We tend to take environmental factors into account more than our peers do.

Question 20

Explain what is meant by cognitive errors,and list two types.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what is meant by cognitive errors,and...

Exam 16: Applying Social Psychology to the Classroom

Self-handicapping is the term that refers to when people act in ways that may undermine their subsequent performances,thereby having anticipatory excuses for potential failures.

It is quite common for students with low grade point averages to predict they will receive considerably higher grades in the approaching term.The text cites this as an example of ______.

Chapter 16 ("Classroom")discusses three cognitive errors.Explain how two of the three cognitive errors may affect students in the classroom environment.

Growing up in an individualistic culture predisposes people to look for personal internal explanations for behavior.

In collectivistic cultures,community cooperation is valued more than individual distinction,and people from those countries tend to favor external rather than internal attributions.

Explain what is meant by the overjustification effect.

Define belief perseverance.

Describe Smith and Whitehead's (1984)study of how individualism and collectivism influence the fundamental attribution error.

Siegel,Scillitoe,and Parks-Yancy (2005) found that students who engaged in a high self-affirming task (writing about values important to them) were

Lepper,Ross,and Lau (1986) conducted a study in which students solved math problems after viewing a films that provided effective or ineffective instructions on how to solve the problems.This study demonstrated

Suppose that you end up getting a very good grade on this test.Which pattern of attributions most clearly reflects the operation of the self-serving bias?

The major reason that people self-handicap seems to be to

Explain social categorization,and identify two forms of bias associated with this cognitive error.

The overjustification effect is an example of a cognitive error.

Sometimes instructors play the devil's advocate by introducing ideas they do not personally endorse.When this occurs,students may be especially vulnerable to ______.

Which statement is true of the fundamental attribution error?

Explain what is meant by cognitive errors,and list two types.