Question 1

Amelia is trying hard to explain to Ricardo why women should not be restricted to the home.Even though Ricardo has no firm basis for his beliefs, Amelia's logical arguments fail to persuade him in this case because

Accepted Answer

A)  logical arguments rarely work on the emotional basis of attitudes. 
B)  Ricardo holds negative stereotypes about women, including Amelia. 
C)  Amelia's arguments are too difficult to follow. 
D)  logical arguments rarely change sex-role stereotypes.

Question 2

A person who believes in a just world would likely believe that a date-rape victim should

Accepted Answer

A)  take counseling at a crisis center. 
B)  not date. 
C)  press charges against the alleged rapist. 
D)  have known her date better.

Question 3

Recall that Sherif and his colleagues (1961) created conflict between two groups of boys in a summer camp.Intergroup hostility was relatively easy to generate.To do this, the researchers first ________ and then ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  created out-group cohesiveness; initiated competitive games 
B)  created in-group cohesiveness; set up a series of competitive situations 
C)  created minimal groups; generated frustration by taking away desired objects 
D)  set up a series of competitive situations; created in-group cohesiveness

Question 4

In what ways do self-fulfilling prophecies contribute to prejudice and negative stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways do self-fulfilling prophecies contribute...

Question 5

Dweck's idea of a ________ mindset is an effective way to counteract stereotype threat.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed 
B)  growth 
C)  interdependent 
D)  collectivist

Question 6

According to Crandall and Eshleman's (2003) model, people struggle with their urge to express prejudice and their

Accepted Answer

A) need to maintain a positive self-view and not be seen as a bigot. 
B) need to be correct. 
C) need to belong to a meaningful group, no matter the cost. 
D) desire for affiliation.

Question 7

Research has shown that when most people are confronted with evidence of an inequitable outcome that is difficult to explain, they will

Accepted Answer

A)  revise their stereotypes. 
B)  blame the victim. 
C)  believe in a just world. 
D)  abandon their belief in a just world.

Question 8

According to the authors, how does a belief in a just world contribute to blaming the victims of injustice?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the authors, how does a...

Question 9

________ posits that increased prejudice and discrimination result from limited resources and consequent intergroup conflict.

Accepted Answer

A)  The self-fulfilling prophecy 
B)  Relative deprivation theory 
C)  Attribution theory 
D)  Realistic conflict theory

Question 10

What is stereotype threat, why does it arise, and what are the consequences?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is stereotype threat, why does it...

Question 11

Describe the role of normative conformity in the societal problem of prejudice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the role of normative conformity in...

Question 12

According to research presented in the chapter, people believe that female jobs require which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  strength and smarts 
B)  intelligence and perseverance 
C)  height and resistance 
D)  kindness and nurturance

Question 13

Men who are "benevolent sexists" have positive feelings about women as a group, but

Accepted Answer

A)  while their views may be old-fashioned, there is no harm in them. 
B)  unconsciously have a strong underlying hatred of women. 
C)  are not inclined to put women on a pedestal or idealize them romantically. 
D)  their views also serve to justify relegating women to traditional, stereotyped roles.

Question 14

Some psychological scientists question the interpretations of the Implicit Association Test.Rather than revealing implicit bias, what else might the test be revealing?

Accepted Answer

A) explicit bias 
B) overt behavior 
C) discrimination 
D) cultural stereotypes or associations

Question 15

Research has shown that when fate (e.g., a flip of a coin) determines the allocation of rewards for completing a task, participants will often

Accepted Answer

A)  feel empathy for the "loser" and share their rewards. 
B)  convince themselves that the "loser" didn't do a fair share of the work. 
C)  share their winnings to bolster their belief in a just world. 
D)  revise their stereotypes of the "loser."

Question 16

Amber considers herself outgoing, upbeat, and talented.She also defines herself as an American, a biologist, and a musician.The first three descriptors represent her _____, and the last three represent her _______.

Accepted Answer

A) personal identity; social identity 
B) stereotypes; social identity 
C) social identity; personal identity 
D) personal identity; discriminator

Question 17

Kevin only buys clothes made in America.He never buys clothes made in India or Pakistan.This demonstrates the ________ component of his attitude.

Accepted Answer

A)  affective 
B)  behavioral 
C)  cognitive 
D)  disabling

Question 18

Prejudice against ethnic minorities is well-known.Which of the following is true about the limits of who experiences prejudice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only ethnic minorities experience prejudice and discrimination. 
B)  Only ethnic minorities and women experience prejudice. 
C)  Any group can experience prejudice. 
D)  Prejudice is a thing of the past; no groups experience it anymore.

Question 19

Researchers discovered that many ministers who supported desegregation in Little Rock, Arkansas did not use their pulpits to air their (unpopular) views for fear of losing contributions and church members.This is a real world example of the power of ________ to exacerbate prejudice and discrimination.

Accepted Answer

A)  social censure 
B)  informational conformity 
C)  normative conformity 
D)  attitude ambivalence

Question 20

Consider the following examples of prejudice: anti-Chinese prejudice in the United States after the transcontinental railroad was completed; anti-Mexican prejudice in the United States when agricultural jobs are scarce; anti-Turkish prejudice in Germany after reunification; anti-Arab and anti-Jew prejudice in the Middle East; and anti-immigrant prejudice during times of high unemployment.These examples best illustrate the ________ theory of prejudice.

Accepted Answer

A)  scarcity 
B)  realistic conflict 
C)  contact 
D)  authoritarian

Exam 13: Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures