Question 1

According to research on the impact of religion on helping behavior, if Dr.Hinford, a devoutly religious man, makes a donation to a children's charity, he is most likely to do it

Accepted Answer

A)  by leaving cash at the charity office. 
B)  for a children's charity that is religious. 
C)  at a press conference. 
D)  to get his name on a plaque at the hospital.

Question 2

Researchers staged an incident in which a man fell down with a cry of pain and raised his pant leg to reveal a bloody injury.The staged scene was repeated in both rural and urban areas.When Amato counted the number of passersby who stopped to help the man, he found that

Accepted Answer

A)  no matter where the staged incident occurred, people from small towns helped more. 
B)  people in small towns helped more than people in urban areas. 
C)  because the man was a stranger, people in rural areas helped less. 
D)  women in rural areas helped more than men, but in urban areas there was no gender difference.

Question 3

Researchers exposed some students to a lecture on bystander intervention research and other students to a lecture on an unrelated topic.Two weeks later

Accepted Answer

A)  the students had forgotten what they learned, suggesting that education is not beneficial in increasing helping. 
B)  students exposed to the lecture on helping were more likely than others to help, even in the presence of an unresponsive confederate. 
C)  students who did well on a test were more likely to help, independent of the lecture they heard. 
D)  students who did poorly on a test were more likely to help, independent of the lecture they heard.

Question 4

In support for the empathy-altruism hypothesis, researchers (Toi & Batson, 1982) found that participants were most likely to help a student named Carol who was injured in an automobile accident when they were told

Accepted Answer

A)  to try to imagine how Carol felt about what happened to her and how it changed her life. 
B)  to be objective, and not to focus on how Carol felt. 
C)  that they would see Carol every week in class. 
D)  that they would never come face to face with Carol.

Question 5

The basic tenet of ________ is that when we feel empathy for another person's plight, we will help that person regardless of what we may stand to gain.

Accepted Answer

A)  kin selection 
B)  evolutionary psychology 
C)  the reciprocity norm 
D)  the empathy-altruism hypothesis

Question 6

Helga stops and helps Bjorn change a flat tire along the road because she figures that one day she'll need help and someone will return the favor.This best illustrates the idea of

Accepted Answer

A)  paying it forward. 
B)  reciprocity. 
C)  karmic law. 
D)  evolution.

Question 7

Annie works with AIDS patients to get an idea of whether she wants to pursue social work as a career.Bert volunteers at a mental hospital to fulfill a class requirement.Stacey paints a mural for her old school because her sorority requires her to do a community service project.George helps the elderly prepare their income tax returns because his accounting firm will not give him a Christmas bonus if he does not volunteer.Who is most likely to engage in volunteer work again in the future?

Accepted Answer

A)  Annie 
B)  Bert 
C)  Stacey 
D)  George

Question 8

Do men and women differ in their tendency to help? If so, how?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Do men and women differ in their...

Question 9

If you were an employer who wanted to increase volunteerism among your employees, what strategy would you employ in order to increase the chances that the employees would continue to volunteer in the future?

Accepted Answer

A)  Make volunteerism of some sort a requirement for promotion. 
B)  Make volunteerism to a specific organization required. 
C)  Encourage volunteerism while preserving employees' free choice to volunteer or not. 
D)  Make no mention of the value of volunteerism whatsoever.

Question 10

According to the authors of your text, people who have lived in the same place for a longer time tend to feel

Accepted Answer

A)  guilty when they don't volunteer locally. 
B)  greater disdain for the areas in town that are run-down. 
C)  a greater attachment to the community. 
D)  isolated from their neighbors.

Question 11

The idea that natural selection favors behaviors that help a genetic relative is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  kin selection. 
B)  familial selection. 
C)  kinship bias. 
D)  familial reciprocity.

Question 12

According to research presented by the authors of your text, in which of the following cities would you be the most likely to be helped if you needed help crossing a busy street?

Accepted Answer

A)  New York City, USA 
B)  Taipei, Taiwan 
C)  Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 
D)  Cairo, Egypt

Question 13

Complete the following analogy.Reward of helping: ________ :: cost of helping: ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  relieves distress; embarrassment 
B)  pain; time 
C)  danger; relieve distress 
D)  embarrassment; pain

Question 14

Which of the following statements is most closely related to the empathy-altruism hypothesis (Batson, 1991)?

Accepted Answer

A)  "You scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours." 
B)  "Before you accuse me, take a look at yourself." 
C)  "Walk a mile in my shoes." 
D)  "I'll gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today."

Question 15

According to evolutionary psychologists, why would Doris be more likely to save her children than her parents in a life-threatening emergency? Doris's children

Accepted Answer

A)  are more likely to pass on her genes. 
B)  are less likely to be able to save themselves. 
C)  share more genes in common with Doris than do her parents. 
D)  are more likely to seek Doris out than are her parents.

Question 16

You ask your brother if you can borrow his car for a date on Saturday night.Before handing over the keys, he asks in jest, "What's in it for me?" His question best reflects ________ as applied to prosocial behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  the empathy-altruism hypothesis 
B)  social exchange theory 
C)  the reciprocity norm 
D)  an egocentric perspective

Question 17

Julianna likes to contribute to worthy charities because she can help others and, at the same time, get a tax deduction.Julianna is engaging in

Accepted Answer

A)  altruism. 
B)  dissonance reduction. 
C)  hypocrisy. 
D)  prosocial behavior.

Question 18

Every morning at the bus stop, Carlos encounters an old woman begging for change.She is clearly hungry and alone.Because Carlos feels very bad for this woman and can "feel her pain," he makes a point of giving her some change each morning that he sees her.Which theoretical approach best explains Carlos's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  social-exchange theory 
B)  kin selection 
C)  the empathy-altruism hypothesis 
D)  the norm of reciprocity

Question 19

According to research by Batson and his colleagues, when empathy is ________, people ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  low; will help when the costs of not helping are high 
B)  high; will help no matter what the costs 
C)  high; will pay attention to social exchange factors 
D)  low; only help when the costs of not helping are high

Question 20

Recall that Latané and Darley (1970) had participants complete questionnaires alone, or in the presence of two others.When the experimental room filled with "smoke," participants who were alone reported the potential emergency more quickly than did those who worked on the questionnaire in the company of others.These results provide support for the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion of responsibility. 
B)  social exchange theory. 
C)  evaluation apprehension. 
D)  pluralistic ignorance.

Exam 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help