Question 1

What are the various operational styles of the police?

Accepted Answer

Police operational styles are adopted by police officers as a way of thinking about the role of police and law in society and how the police should perform their jobs. No officer conforms solely to one particular style to the exclusion of others. Siegel and Senna identify four basic police operational styles: crime fighter, social agent, law enforcer, and watchman. Broderick also presents four distinct operational styles: enforcers, idealists, realists, and optimists. Wilson, who offers three categories of operational styles (watchman, legalistic, and service), found that the political culture of a city exerts a major influence on the style of policing exercised by the police.

Question 2

According to research, police are less likely to be lenient when exercising their discretion in neighborhoods with large numbers of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   immigrant residents
B)   African American residents
C)   white residents
D)   disabled residents B

Question 3

The "fleeing felon" rule was overturned in Tennessee v. Garner in 1985 by the
 U.S. Supreme Court. Was this a good decision? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The fleeing felon rule, like most of England's common law, came to the United States. Today, however, there is little need for the fleeing felon rule in the United States, because we have sufficient armed police and modern communications systems to aid in the apprehension of fleeing felons. Also, the legality and morality of the fleeing felon rule comes into question because of the U.S. legal concept of presumption of innocence. Most U.S. states, however, maintained the fleeing felon rule well into the 1960s and 1970s. In 1985, the fleeing felon rule was ended when it was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in the landmark case Tennessee v. Garner. On October 3, 1974, at about 10:45 P.M., two Memphis police officers, Elton Hymon and Leslie Wright, responded to a prowler run (a report of "prowler inside"). Upon reaching the location, they were met by a neighbor, who told them she had heard someone breaking into the house next to hers. Officer Wright radioed for assistance as Officer Hymon went to the rear of the house. As the officer approached the backyard, he heard a door slamming, and he observed someone running across the backyard. The fleeing person stopped at a 6-foot-high chain-link fence at the end of the yard. The officer shone his flashlight and saw what appeared to be a 17- or 18-year-old youth about 5 feet 7 inches tall. The officer yelled, "Police! Halt!" However, the youth began to climb the fence. The officer, thinking that the youth would escape, fired a shot at him, which struck him in the back of the head. The youth later died on the operating table. Ten dollars and a purse taken from the house were found on his body. At the trial, the officer admitted that he knew that Garner was unarmed and was trying to escape. The officer testified that he was acting under the provisions of Tennessee law that stated that an officer may use all the necessary means to effect an arrest if, after notice of the intention to arrest, the defendant either flees or forcibly resists. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6 to 3 that the use of deadly force against apparently unarmed and nondangerous fleeing felons is an illegal seizure under the Fourth Amendment. The Court ended the common law fleeing felon rule by stating that the use of deadly force to prevent the escape of all felony suspects, whatever the circumstances, is constitutionally unreasonable. It is not better that all felony suspects die than they escape. Where the suspect poses no immediate threat to the officer and no threat to others, the harm resulting from failing to apprehend him does not justify the use of deadly force to do so. It is no doubt unfortunate when a suspect who is in sight escapes, but the fact that the police arrive a little late or are a little slower afoot does not always justify killing the suspect. A police officer may not seize an unarmed, nondangerous suspect by shooting him dead. If you had been a member of the Court, would you have agreed with this ruling?

Question 4

Explain the police role in society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the police role in society....

Question 5

The increasing use of what has been used as evidence both to show police misconduct and to defend against such charges?

Accepted Answer

A)   ankle bracelets
B)   body cameras
C)   community policing centers
D)   eyewitness testimony

Question 6

What approach does Captain Blake use to determine how many officers will be needed at any given time, after considering number of calls for service, types of calls, time of day, time of year, and officer safety?

Accepted Answer

A)   authorized level
B)   per capita
C)   workload-based
D)   coverage-based

Question 7

In American society today, the police officer's role is ambiguous. Officers are expected to survey a scene and exercise their discretion but also make decisions based on what's in the best interests of all parties, including society as a whole. Police officers face a great deal of public scrutiny, especially as it relates to the use of deadly force. Some police departments have responded to the call for better monitoring and accountability by employing the use of body cameras. Officials then must decide on what to do with evidence gathered from the device, particularly in cases involving the police use of deadly force. On one hand, they face pressure from the public to release that information. On the other, police have the primary responsibility of maintaining order and protecting life and property, and releasing footage could escalate already tense situations.
This scenario focuses on the police use of deadly force.
Recently, a traffic stop escalated in a shootout that ended with the officer wounded and the suspect dead. The media and several community organizations are questioning the use of deadly force in the situation. Citizens in the community are demanding to see a video from a cell phone that was taken during the incident. This scenario involves the impacts of media and the community on investigations into use of force.
-Which of the following is one of the four major factors said to influence officers' in exercising discretion?

Accepted Answer

A)   characteristics of the crime
B)   media attention to a crime
C)   race of the victim
D)   race of the suspect

Question 8

Preventing crime is considered what type of goal of police departments?

Accepted Answer

A)   secondary
B)   primary
C)   ambiguous
D)   unnecessary

Question 9

According to a Chicago study, when violent crime was included as a factor, which ethnic group had the highest percentage of officer-involved shooting deaths in the five-year period studied?

Accepted Answer

A)   whites
B)   African-Americans
C)   Latinos
D)   Asians

Question 10

According to Herbert Jacob, four factors determine the exercise of police discretion. Which of the following is NOT one of Jacob's four factors?

Accepted Answer

A)   characteristics of the crime
B)   relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim
C)   relationship between police and the criminal or victim
D)   characteristics of the police officer

Question 11

After what event were the order maintenance and social service roles of the police more emphasized because police are "first responders"?

Accepted Answer

A)   the Vietnam War protests
B)   World War II
C)   Hurricane Katrina
D)   the 9/11 attacks

Question 12

What are the goals of policing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the goals of policing?...

Question 13

Sergeant Claire of the local police force is responding to a call for help of an elderly man who has fallen down in the public park. Which of the six secondary police goals and objectives does this activity reflect?

Accepted Answer

A)   assisting the sick and injured
B)   preventing crime
C)   enforcing noncriminal regulations
D)   delivering services not available elsewhere in the community

Question 14

Although it is important to keep the community apprised of the situation this is not the highest priority here. Releasing the video would compromise the investigation and affect any court hearings that may be necessary in the future.
A representative from one of the local media outlets contacts you and tells you they have another video from a source who came to them rather than the police. They want you to release a copy of the video that the police department has to them and they will give you a copy of the video they have. You can get the video on your own but it will take time to go through the courts and request a warrant to do so.
-What are the two primary goals and objectives of police departments?

Accepted Answer

A)   maintaining order and protecting life and property
B)   maintaining order and protecting life
C)   maintaining order and protecting property
D)   protecting life and property

Question 15

Although it is important to keep the community apprised of the situation this is not the highest priority here. Releasing the video would compromise the investigation and affect any court hearings that may be necessary in the future.
A representative from one of the local media outlets contacts you and tells you they have another video from a source who came to them rather than the police. They want you to release a copy of the video that the police department has to them and they will give you a copy of the video they have. You can get the video on your own but it will take time to go through the courts and request a warrant to do so.
-The ability to make a choice in a given situation is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   discretion
B)   ambiguous
C)   omnipresence
D)   operational style

Question 16

In American society today, the police officer's role is ambiguous. Officers are expected to survey a scene and exercise their discretion but also make decisions based on what's in the best interests of all parties, including society as a whole. Police officers face a great deal of public scrutiny, especially as it relates to the use of deadly force. Some police departments have responded to the call for better monitoring and accountability by employing the use of body cameras. Officials then must decide on what to do with evidence gathered from the device, particularly in cases involving the police use of deadly force. On one hand, they face pressure from the public to release that information. On the other, police have the primary responsibility of maintaining order and protecting life and property, and releasing footage could escalate already tense situations.
This scenario focuses on the police use of deadly force.
Recently, a traffic stop escalated in a shootout that ended with the officer wounded and the suspect dead. The media and several community organizations are questioning the use of deadly force in the situation. Citizens in the community are demanding to see a video from a cell phone that was taken during the incident. This scenario involves the impacts of media and the community on investigations into use of force.
-What type of technology is being used increasingly to monitor the use of force by police officers?

Accepted Answer

A)   body cameras
B)   department policies
C)   less-than-lethal weapons
D)   audio recording technology

Question 17

Which police operational style is at work when officers threaten or "rough up" disruptive people rather than arresting them?

Accepted Answer

A)   legalistic style
B)   watchmen style
C)   service style
D)   idealist style

Question 18

According to Sheehan and Cordner, the two primary goals and objectives of police departments are maintaining order and _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   writing reports
B)   protecting life and property
C)   following suspects
D)   making drug-related arrests

Question 19

Of the various roles played by police officers, which one is primarily about law enforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)   Crime fighter
B)   Social agent
C)   Peacekeeper
D)   Watchman

Question 20

Routine police patrols help to reduce crime by establishing the feeling of police ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   oppression
B)   friendliness
C)   omnipresence
D)   rights

Exam 5: The Police Role and Police Discretion