Question 1

____________________ is a self-defeating form of behaviour designed to protect the self by generating excuses.

Accepted Answer

A)   Self-monitoring
B)   Self-disabling
C)   Self-handicapping
D)   Self-efficacy reduction C

Question 2

In their work on the culture of self worth, Twenge and Campbell report that:

Accepted Answer

A)   there has been a steady increase in overall levels of self-esteem across generations.
B)   levels of depression have steadily declined in successive generations.
C)   the culture of self-worth has paid off in societal improvements.
D)   All of the above. A

Question 3

We say that there is an identity deficit when the person ______________________, whereas in an identity conflict, ________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   has a distorted sense of self; two or more aspects of the self are in opposition to each other.
B)   two or more aspects of the self are in opposition to each other; the person has no sense of self.
C)   seeks to establish a single identity; has two or more different personalities.
D)   seeks to establish a desired identity; two or more aspects of the self are in conflict with each other. D

Question 4

Vincent's self-concept is relatively straightforward. He thinks of himself as a stockbroker, son, and collector of comic books. His friend Jim's self-concept is more complex. Although Jim's job as a lawyer is important to him, Jim has many other interests and responsibilities. Jim's self concept encompasses but is not limited to his work as a lawyer, being a parent to his two children, being part of a closely-knit network of friends, his volunteer work in a neighbourhood association, his role as treasurer of a radio-controlled airplane club, and so forth. Coincidentally, Vincent and Jim lose their jobs at the same time. According to Linville, we would expect that:

Accepted Answer

A)   Jim will be more distressed by his job loss than Vincent, because losing his job also interferes with Jim's ability to fulfill the role of being a provider for his children.
B)   Jim will be more distressed by his job loss than Vincent, because Jim's self-concept requires him to fulfill many roles, and Vincent's self-concept does not.
C)   Vincent is likely to be more distressed than Jim, because Vincent's self-concept is more heavily invested in work than is the case for Jim.
D)   We have no way of predicting who will be more distressed by the loss of a job.

Question 5

Outline William James' three components of the self concept.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Outline William James' three components of the...

Question 6

_________________ involves automatic evaluations and reactions to the self that occur outside of conscious awareness.

Accepted Answer

A)   Explicit self-esteem
B)   Self-endorsement
C)   Implicit self-esteem
D)   Self-verification

Question 7

When she first started university, Brittany planned to be a systems engineer. After two years she switched from engineering to psychology. Brittany is now 25 years old and is enrolled in a graduate program in clinical psychology. Although the program is challenging, and she sometimes envies the lifestyles of her friends who are already working, Brittany knows that she is on the right career path. Brittany is probably in the ego identity status of ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   foreclosure.
B)   identity achievement.
C)   identity diffusion.
D)   moratorium.

Question 8

In the movie Catch Me If You Can, which is based on a true story, a con man named Frank Abagnale Jr. would dress up in a pilot's uniform not only to pass bad cheques, but also to improve his mood when he felt lonely, insecure, and depressed. According to Abagnale, the uniform brought him respect and dignity, and helped him to overcome feelings of uselessness and dejection. In addition to financial gain, Abagnale's motive(s) for wearing a pilot's uniform addressed the need for:

Accepted Answer

A)   self-presentation and self-enhancement.
B)   self- presentation and self-verification.
C)   self-improvement and self-enhancement.
D)   self-improvement and self-consistency.

Question 9

According to Marcia, ________________is associated with low neuroticism, high conscientiousness, and extroversion.

Accepted Answer

A)   foreclosure.
B)   identity diffusion.
C)   moratorium.
D)   identity achievement.

Question 10

Sean is high in defensive self-esteem. We can expect that:

Accepted Answer

A)   Sean has high implicit self-esteem and low explicit self-esteem.
B)   Sean has low implicit self-esteem and high explicit self-esteem.
C)   Sean's self esteem is strongly tied in to his changing circumstances.
D)   A and C above

Question 11

Describe four of the eight stages from Erikson's psychosocial development model. Identify the conflict from each and the resolution that must be achieved in order to move onto the next stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe four of the eight stages from...

Question 12

According to a top-down model of self-worth:

Accepted Answer

A)   We first develop a sense of self-worth in specific domains, and eventually form a generalized sense of self-worth.
B)   We first develop a generalized sense of self-worth, and then develop a sense of self-worth in specific domains.
C)   Our generalized sense of self-worth is unrelated to our sense of self-worth in specific domains.
D)   None of the above

Question 13

When Carol was worried that her boyfriend had lost interest in her, her views about social issues became more extreme. McGregor at al. would say that Carol's behaviour is an example of _____________________

Accepted Answer

A)   opinionated reasoning.
B)   self-enhancement.
C)   self-verification.
D)   compensatory conviction.

Question 14

Lisa is high in self-monitoring. We would expect all but the following of Lisa:

Accepted Answer

A)   She is good at learning what is expected in different social situations.
B)   She is good at shaping her behaviour to fit the situation.
C)   She has good self control over her emotions.
D)   She acts consistently across a range of situations.

Question 15

High levels of self-handicapping are associated with all but the following:

Accepted Answer

A)   Positive evaluations by others
B)   High levels of socially prescribed perfectionism
C)   Low self-esteem
D)   More stress before an exam and poorer exam performance

Question 16

In a study of different domains of the self-concept, Pliner et al. found that for visitors to the Ontario Science Centre:

Accepted Answer

A)   concerns related to physical appearance are more central and important to the self- concepts of males than females throughout the lifespan.
B)   concerns related to physical appearance are more central and important to the self- concepts of males than females in adolescence, but in adulthood these concerns become more important to females relative to males.
C)   throughout the lifespan, concerns related to physical appearance are more central and important to the self-concepts of females than males .
D)   concerns related to physical appearance are more central and important to the self- concepts of females than males from childhood to middle age, but in old age these concerns become more important to males than females.

Question 17

Define self-complexity and self-concept clarity. Why are each important?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define self-complexity and self-concept clarity. Why are...

Question 18

In the example above, Doug sought out students who typically received similar grades to make the comparison. Doug appears to be motivated by a goal of:

Accepted Answer

A)   accurate self-verification.
B)   self-enhancement.
C)   self-improvement.
D)   accurate-self evaluation.

Question 19

Describe the differences between implicit and explicit self-esteem. How is each measured?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the differences between implicit and explicit...

Question 20

Which of the following is not a strength of Erikson's model?

Accepted Answer

A)   Erikson's model considers cultural factors.
B)   The model focuses on personality across the lifespan.
C)   Most concepts in Erikson's model readily lend themselves to empirical evaluation.
D)   Those who study his work find it to be meaningful and personally relevant.

Exam 11: Personality Theory and the Self-Concept