Question 1

You arrive late to lecture and your professor is describing a feature of the nucleus that provides it with structural support.You are not sure which feature is being discussed,but because you read the book before you came to class,you are fairly certain that it is

Accepted Answer

A) the nucleus pore. 
B) the nucleoplasm. 
C) the nuclear lamina. 
D) the nucleolus.

Question 2

What is a purpose of the cell wall for both prokaryotes and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

A) to provide a means of cell-cell interaction 
B) to enable the cell to obtain nutrients from its environment 
C) to regulate the passage of solutes into and out of the cell 
D) to protect the cell from the effects of a hypotonic environment

Question 3

Mitochondria are separated into two compartments,the matrix and the intermembrane space,by their inner and outer membranes.How does the presence of two compartments contribute to the function of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A) It enables mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes to remain separated from the functional compartment of the mitochondria. 
B) The two compartments permit different but complementary functions to be accomplished in the organelle. 
C) The double-membrane feature of mitochondria is what enables them to glycosylate proteins.

Question 4

Scientists found that polypeptides that are normally synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum are about 20 amino acids longer when they are synthesized by ribosomes not attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.What is/are possible explanations for the greater length of these polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

A) The ribosomes that function as free ribosomes function differently than the ribosomes that are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B) The 20 amino acids serve as a signal sequence that directs the forming polypeptide to the endoplasmic reticulum,where they are cleaved off during processing. 
C) The 20-amino-acid sequence helps the endoplasmic reticulum package these proteins for shipping to the Golgi. 
D) The protein has a different function in the cytosol than in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 5

Which of the following represents a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Prokaryotes,not eukaryotes,have cell walls. 
B) Eukaryotic cells tend to have much more extensive inner membrane systems and larger numbers of intracellular organelles than prokaryotes. 
C) Prokaryotes are unable to carry out aerobic respiration,a process that requires a complex inner-membrane system. 
D) Prokaryotes are a more homogenous group of organisms than eukaryotes,which include protozoa,plants,and animals.

Question 6

A cell is found to contain a series of damaged organelles.Which process will play a role in removal of these damaged organelles from the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

A) Phagocytosis 
B) Exocytosis 
C) Autophagy 
D) Pinocytosis

Question 7

How is the nuclear membrane related to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

A) Ribosomes that exit the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex attach to ribosome receptor locations on the endoplasmic reticulum,thus providing a means of communication between the two structures. 
B) The inner and outer bilayers of the nuclear envelope are separated by a space that is continuous with the space inside the endoplasmic reticulum,thus providing direct contact between the two structures. 
C) The nucleolus is present in the nucleus,but communicates directly with the endoplasmic reticulum. 
D) The nuclear lamina anchors the endoplasmic reticulum,providing structural support and communication through direct contact.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a characteristic that chloroplasts and mitochondria share?

Accepted Answer

A) They both have their own DNA. 
B) They both have multiple membranes. 
C) They are both part of the endomembrane system. 
D) They are capable of reproducing themselves.

Question 9

You have a distant cousin,age 4,who is always tired and fatigued and is not able to play games and sports like other healthy children.He is most likely to have an enzyme deficiency or defect associated with which intracellular organelle?

Accepted Answer

A) lysosomes 
B) Golgi stacks 
C) peroxisomes 
D) mitochondria

Question 10

Which of the following components would you expect to find in any type of living organism?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus 
B) chromosome 
C) mitochondria 
D) lysosome 
E) microtubule

Question 11

What is the site of synthesis of proteins for export (secretion from the cell)?

Accepted Answer

A) free ribosomes 
B) ribosomes that attach to the endoplasmic reticulum 
C) ribosomes that attach to the Golgi complex 
D) ribosomes that attach to the outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 12

Which of the following would be true for lysosomes that lack mannose-6-phosphate receptors?

Accepted Answer

A) They function equally as well as those that possess mannose 6-phosphate receptors. 
B) They do not receive enzyme shipments from the Golgi apparatus. 
C) They have unstable membranes.

Question 13

Spherocytosis is a defect associated with a defective cytoskeletal protein in red blood cells.What do you suspect is one consequence of defective cytoskeletal proteins in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A) abnormal cell shape 
B) insufficient energy supply in the cell 
C) a lack of oxygen-transporting proteins in the cell 
D) adhering of blood cells to blood-vessel walls,causing the formation of plaque

Question 14

Flagella and cilia bend or move,imparting mobility to cells.How do these structures move?

Accepted Answer

A) The basal body at the base of the structure hydrolyzes ATP,causing a conformational change that results in movement of the cilium or flagellum. 
B) Two microtubules at the core of the structure serve as motor proteins. 
C) Axonemes are structured such that movement is constant. 
D) Dynein is a motor protein that hydrolyzes ATP and is responsible for movement of the cilium or flagellum.

Question 15

Researchers tried to explain how vesicular transport occurs in cells by attempting to assemble the transport components.They set up microtubular tracks along which vesicles could be transported,and they added vesicles and ATP (because they knew the transport process requires energy).Yet,when they put everything together,there was no movement or transport of vesicles.What were they missing?

Accepted Answer

A) an axon 
B) contractile microfilaments 
C) endoplasmic reticulum 
D) motor proteins

Question 16

You are sitting in lecture and you decide to leave the room for a minute.When you return,the professor is describing a cytoskeletal component and states that these fibres are thin and consist of two rows of protein subunits wound around each other in a long spiral.Since you left the room,you did not hear which cytoskeletal component is being referred to,but,since you read the book before you came to class,you know that it is

Accepted Answer

A) the microtubules. 
B) the intermediate filaments. 
C) microfilaments. 
D) none of the above.

Question 17

The small intestine is the site of digestion and absorption of nutrients.A single layer of epithelial cells lines the small intestine.In the duodenum (the first section of the small intestine),these epithelial cells secrete large quantities of digestive enzymes.Which of the following features would be typical of these epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They contain large numbers of lysosomes. 
B) They have more smooth endoplasmic reticulum than rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
C) They contain large quantities of rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
D) They have larger nuclei than cells that secrete large quantities of lipids.

Question 18

Flagella are found in both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.Despite the functional similarities of all flagella,scientists suspect that eukaryotic and prokaryotic flagella have evolved independently.Why don't they think there is a common evolutionary origin for prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

A) Prokaryotic flagella move by rotating,whereas eukaryotic flagella undergo an undulating motion.Furthermore,eukaryotic flagella are covered by a plasma membrane and prokaryotic flagella are not. 
B) Prokaryotic flagella do not protrude outside the cell wall,whereas eukaryotic flagella are membrane-bound extensions of cytoplasm. 
C) Prokaryotic flagella are an adaptation to scarce nutrient supply,whereas eukaryotic flagella are designed to protect. 
D) Prokaryotic flagella do not require energy in the form of ATP.

Exam 7: Inside the Cell