Question 1

Detail the process leading up to the passing of the IGRA.

Accepted Answer

Although the outcome in the 18^th century was a humanitarian tragedy, a series of lawsuits grounded in the concept of sovereign nation status and decided by the Supreme Court in the 20^th century led to the passage of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA). IGRA introduced Native American gaming on a wide scale, a much more beneficial outcome. The first lawsuit was Bryan vs. Itasca County that was decided in 1975. The ruling held that a county as a subsection of a state had no authority on an Indian reservation. The second lawsuit was Butterworth vs. Seminole Nation in 1979. This lawsuit turned on the issue of whether the state of Florida had jurisdiction on the Seminole reservation. The ruling reaffirmed the sovereignty of tribes and that a state had no jurisdiction on Indian land. For example, this meant that state police could not enter a reservation without a working agreement with the tribe. In addition, any economic activity on the reservation was not taxable by the state.Finally, in February of 1987 California vs. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians specifically ruled that a state could not prohibit gaming activity on an Indian reservation if the gaming activity was allowed for any purpose to anyone in the state. Like other tribes across the country, the Cabazon Band ran a high stakes bingo game and poker room. Like the Indian casinos in the future except on a smaller scale, the operation provided jobs for tribal members and funding for tribal government.However, California argued that the bingo game and poker room violated state law and that the state had the right to prohibit activities on the reservation, which were considered criminal by state statute. They based this right on a 1953 law passed by Congress giving states a right to criminal jurisdiction over tribes within their borders.This jurisdiction was not absolute, but opened the door for states to interfere in the functioning of tribes on reservations.The tribe argued that they were a sovereign nation as defined by the Constitution and according to case law. As such, their relationship was with the federal government and the state had no right to interfere in activities conducted on tribal lands. In addition, they pointed out that California had relaxed its laws in recent years and allowed various forms of gambling including casino nights for charities. The state even ran a lottery that placed it squarely in the gambling business.

Question 2

According to the text, the NIGC has lobbied Congress for:

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased funding
B)   Less Native American casinos
C)   Less taxes for Native Americans
D)   Increased independence for Native American casinos
E)   None of the above A

Question 3

Native Americans do not pay taxes because they are technicallyunder a different nation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Discuss the findings of the Marks & Spilde study analyzing the effect of tribal gaming on California tribes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the findings of the Marks &...

Question 5

According to the text, how does the rate of unemployment in the Native American population compare to the general population?:

Accepted Answer

A)   Native American unemployment rates are nearly double.
B)   Native American unemployment rates are nearly half.
C)   Native American unemployment rates are nearly triple
D)   Native American unemployment rates are basically equal.
E)   Native American unemployment rates are near zero.

Question 6

According to the text, what is the general status of the compacts that states have with Native American casinos?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are permanent
B)   They are now unnecessary
C)   Many will need to be renewed in the next ten years.
D)   In about twenty years they will all need to be renewed
E)   None of the above

Question 7

Generally speaking, the further away from an urban area, the moresuccessful is a Native American casino.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Out of the 562 federally recognized Native American tribes in the United States, how many operate casinos?

Accepted Answer

A)   562
B)   About 425
C)   About 325
D)   About 225
E)   About 100

Question 9

The purpose of the IGRA is to:

Accepted Answer

A)   Encourage economic development on reservation lands
B)   Strengthen tribal government
C)   Promote tribal self-sufficiency
D)   All of the above
E)   None of the above

Question 10

Discuss the effects seen in studies that Native American casinos have had on those communities' education levels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the effects seen in studies that...

Question 11

The largest and most successful casino in the world is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Trump Tower Atlantic City
B)   Sycuan near San Diego
C)   Havasupai, Arizona
D)   Harrah's Las Vegas
E)   Foxwoods in Connecticut

Question 12

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   All Native Americans are except from any state taxes
B)   Native Americans do not pay taxes
C)   Native Americans must pay federal income tax on their earnings
D)   Native Americans do not pay sales taxes
E)   Native Americans must pay state income tax on their earnings

Question 13

In a Native American casino, the casino is actually owned:

Accepted Answer

A)   By the federal government
B)   As a tribal enterprise
C)   By the individual tribe members as a whole
D)   By the legal corporation formed by the tribe
E)   As a holding company for future Native American citizens

Question 14

Discuss the common perception that Native Americans have gotten rich off of casinos.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the common perception that Native Americans...

Question 15

According to the text, which scandal has tarnished those Native American tribes that are active in politics?

Accepted Answer

A)   Abscam
B)   Jack Abramoff Affair
C)   Watergate
D)   Home Mortgage Crisis
E)   None of the above

Question 16

Because tribal land is held in trust and not individually owned, there is no way to levy taxes because most are based on economicactivity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

According to the text, the percentage of Native Americans living below the poverty line was nearly double the percentageof all Americans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Detail the three types of gambling that the IGRA defines.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Detail the three types of gambling that...

Question 19

The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act was finally passed in 1972.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

According to the many treaties with Native American tribes, education, health care, and other essential needs are the responsibility of:

Accepted Answer

A)   The state the tribe resides in
B)   The reservation, as it is a tribal nation
C)   The federal government
D)   The individual tribe councils
E)   The local county jurisdictions

Exam 6: Native American Gaming

Detail the process leading up to the passing of the IGRA.

According to the text, the NIGC has lobbied Congress for:

Native Americans do not pay taxes because they are technicallyunder a different nation.

Discuss the findings of the Marks & Spilde study analyzing the effect of tribal gaming on California tribes.

According to the text, how does the rate of unemployment in the Native American population compare to the general population?:

According to the text, what is the general status of the compacts that states have with Native American casinos?

Generally speaking, the further away from an urban area, the moresuccessful is a Native American casino.

Out of the 562 federally recognized Native American tribes in the United States, how many operate casinos?

The purpose of the IGRA is to:

Discuss the effects seen in studies that Native American casinos have had on those communities' education levels.

The largest and most successful casino in the world is:

Which of the following is true?

In a Native American casino, the casino is actually owned:

Discuss the common perception that Native Americans have gotten rich off of casinos.

According to the text, which scandal has tarnished those Native American tribes that are active in politics?

Because tribal land is held in trust and not individually owned, there is no way to levy taxes because most are based on economicactivity.

According to the text, the percentage of Native Americans living below the poverty line was nearly double the percentageof all Americans.

Detail the three types of gambling that the IGRA defines.

The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act was finally passed in 1972.

According to the many treaties with Native American tribes, education, health care, and other essential needs are the responsibility of: