Question 1

To rapidly achieve creatine loading, an individual should ingest __________ of creatine monohydrate daily for 6 days.

Accepted Answer

A)  8 grams 
B)  600 milligrams 
C)  4000 milligrams 
D)  20,000 milligrams

Question 2

l-carnitine:

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin-like compound that facilitates influx of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria during energy metabolism 
B)  essential amino acid 
C)  ergogenic aid that promotes protein catabolism 
D)  isomer of l-dopamine

Question 3

This five-carbon sugar __________ has become a competitor to creatine supplements to increase power and replenish high-energy compounds following intense physical activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  ribose 
C)  fructose 
D)  sucrose

Question 4

Epinephrine contains choline.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

For individuals with adequate dietary chromium intakes, research fails to show any beneficial effect of chromium supplements on training-related changes in muscular strength, physique, fat-free body mass, or muscle mass.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are converted proteins, which enhance fat metabolism and conserve glycogen during endurance exercise due to their relatively slow rate of digestion, assimilation, and energy catabolism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The modified carbohydrate loading procedure provides for almost the same high level of glycogen storage as the classic carbohydrate loading procedure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Reduced levels of muscle glycogen induce fatigue in intense aerobic and anaerobic physical activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Research confirms that many herbal/botanical supplement substantially improve recovery from DOMS or training adaptations to strength, balance, and muscle function

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The water liberated during glycogen breakdown aids in __________ to benefit physical activity in hot environments.

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature regulation 
B)  respiratory dynamics 
C)  cardiovascular dynamics 
D)  liver and pancreatic dynamics

Question 11

What is the possible role of the brain's glycogen content in resisting fatigue when glucose supply from the blood becomes inadequate, a condition called hypoglycemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Automatically increases in fatiguing conditions. 
B)  No change in fatiguing conditions. 
C)  Preliminary findings with animals showed that decreases in brain glycogen content may link to central brain fatigue when physical activity exceeds 2 hours. 
D)  Brain activity in the animals decreased substantially during 60 minutes of treadmill running.

Question 12

l-carnitine, a mineral-like compound, found mostly in fruits and vegetables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Significant gender differences exist in carbohydrate metabolism during exercise before and after endurance training.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The effect of protein supplementation in the immediate postexercise period of resistance exercise may prove effective for repair and synthesis of muscle proteins following aerobic exercise.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Consuming carbohydrate __________ creatine loading.

Accepted Answer

A)  slightly decreases 
B)  dramatically decreases 
C)  facilitates 
D)  does not improve

Question 16

l-carnitine:

Accepted Answer

A)  protein-containing, vitamin-like compound found mostly in meat and vegetable products 
B)  liver cells store about 95% of the body's total 
C)  facilitates long-chain fatty acid influx into the mitochondrial matrix to enter $\beta$-oxidation during energy metabolism 
D)  small intestine stores about 95% of the body's total.

Question 17

Chromium chloride is the form of chromium that has the best intestinal absorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A muscle contracts under high oxygen conditions produces lactic acid at the expense of carbohydrate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What substance obtained in food as part of the lecithin molecule acts to either depress fat accumulation in the liver or increase the liver's fatty acids uptake?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inosine 
B)  Vanadium 
C)  Choline 
D)  Glycerol

Question 20

Chronic chromium deficiency increases risk for __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  liver toxicity 
B)  osteoporosis 
C)  type 2 diabetes 
D)  gall bladder and pancreatic cancers

Exam 12: Nutritional Ergogenic Aids Evaluated

To rapidly achieve creatine loading, an individual should ingest __________ of creatine monohydrate daily for 6 days.

l-carnitine:

This five-carbon sugar __________ has become a competitor to creatine supplements to increase power and replenish high-energy compounds following intense physical activity.

Epinephrine contains choline.

For individuals with adequate dietary chromium intakes, research fails to show any beneficial effect of chromium supplements on training-related changes in muscular strength, physique, fat-free body mass, or muscle mass.

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are converted proteins, which enhance fat metabolism and conserve glycogen during endurance exercise due to their relatively slow rate of digestion, assimilation, and energy catabolism.

The modified carbohydrate loading procedure provides for almost the same high level of glycogen storage as the classic carbohydrate loading procedure.

Reduced levels of muscle glycogen induce fatigue in intense aerobic and anaerobic physical activity.

Research confirms that many herbal/botanical supplement substantially improve recovery from DOMS or training adaptations to strength, balance, and muscle function

The water liberated during glycogen breakdown aids in __________ to benefit physical activity in hot environments.

What is the possible role of the brain's glycogen content in resisting fatigue when glucose supply from the blood becomes inadequate, a condition called hypoglycemia?

l-carnitine, a mineral-like compound, found mostly in fruits and vegetables.

Significant gender differences exist in carbohydrate metabolism during exercise before and after endurance training.

The effect of protein supplementation in the immediate postexercise period of resistance exercise may prove effective for repair and synthesis of muscle proteins following aerobic exercise.

Consuming carbohydrate __________ creatine loading.

l-carnitine:

Chromium chloride is the form of chromium that has the best intestinal absorption.

A muscle contracts under high oxygen conditions produces lactic acid at the expense of carbohydrate.

What substance obtained in food as part of the lecithin molecule acts to either depress fat accumulation in the liver or increase the liver's fatty acids uptake?

Chronic chromium deficiency increases risk for __________.