Question 1

A tonic receptor

Accepted Answer

A)  quickly adapts to a stimulus. 
B)  has an off response. 
C)  ignores continuous information. 
D)  all of these. 
E)  none of these.

Question 2

Experiencing pain through the fast pain pathway has the obvious benefit of eliciting a withdrawal reflex to prevent further damage from the painful stimulus. What benefit do you think might be derived from experiencing persistent dull pain through the slow pain pathway?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Experiencing pain through the fast pain pathway...

Question 3

In which portion of the photoreceptor is the light detecting pigment found?

Accepted Answer

A)  inner segment 
B)  outer segment 
C)  middle segment 
D)  synaptic segment 
E)  transducing segment

Question 4

The vertebrate eye has a blind spot because it is formed through a series of invaginations
 of the epidermis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following pairs are NOT related in any way?

Accepted Answer

A)  night blindness and retinene 
B)  dark adaptation and sunlight 
C)  long (L) cones and the color yellow 
D)  primates and trichromatic vision 
E)  cones and high visual sensitivity

Question 6

Phototransduction in invertebrates differs from that in vertebrates in that in invertebrates

Accepted Answer

A)  no G-proteins are involved. 
B)  no cation channels are involved. 
C)  no opsins are involved. 
D)  photoreceptors depolarize in response to stimulation. 
E)  first-order cells hyperpolarize in response to stimulation.

Question 7

Light induced phototransduction in both compound eyes and vertebrate eyes involves
 depolarization of the photoreceptors cells, rods and cones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Mechanoreceptor

Accepted Answer

A)  Afferent neuron 
B)  Touch 
C)  Taste 
D)  Paramecium 
E)  Electric fields 
F) Magnetic fields
G) Slowly adapting
H) Adequate stimulus
I) Receptor density
J) Compound eye

Question 9

Animal communication in oceans occurs best at low frequencies because salts in seawater
 absorb high-frequency sounds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Most deep-sea dwelling organisms have evolved L (red) cones as a way to compensate
 for the diminished penetration of blue wavelength light into the deep sea.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Acuity

Accepted Answer

A)  Afferent neuron 
B)  Touch 
C)  Taste 
D)  Paramecium 
E)  Electric fields 
F) Magnetic fields
G) Slowly adapting
H) Adequate stimulus
I) Receptor density
J) Compound eye

Question 12

The cochlea of each ear contains about 16,000 hair cells. Even though they are in the minority, it is the ____________ hair cells that are principally responsible for transducing sound waves into what we perceive as sound sensations.

Accepted Answer

A)  outer 
B)  inner 
C)  utricular 
D)  saccular 
E)  ampullar

Question 13

It is believed that the group of channels responsible for sensing osmotic stress evolved first. This group of channels are

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanically gated. 
B)  ion gated. 
C)  voltage-gated. 
D)  ligand-gated. 
E)  receptor-activated.

Question 14

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Electroreceptors

Accepted Answer

A)  Afferent neuron 
B)  Touch 
C)  Taste 
D)  Paramecium 
E)  Electric fields 
F) Magnetic fields
G) Slowly adapting
H) Adequate stimulus
I) Receptor density
J) Compound eye

Question 15

The term optic radiations refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  visual tracts that cross between the cerebral hemispheres. 
B)  fiber tracts carrying information in the visual pathways from the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus to different zones in the cortex. 
C)  the evolution of diverse specialized organs for vision. 
D)  the radial muscles in the iris that enable dilation of the pupil. 
E)  the visual field associated with off-center ganglion cells.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Taste and smell senses are highly variable in sensitivities among species. 
B)  The intraspecies roles of olfaction are largely mediated by pheromones. 
C)  Sensilla are specialized projections from the cuticle of insects and are involved in chemical sensing 
D)  In humans, the cortical gustatory area is located in the temporal lobe. 
E)  The modality for mammalian taste receptors is called a tastant.

Question 17

Transducin

Accepted Answer

A)  activates adenylyl cyclase resulting in the formation of cAMP. 
B)  activated calcium-activated channels leading to depolarization of the receptor cell. 
C)  activates the messenger pathway leading to an increase in cGMP. 
D)  is found in the inner segment of photoreceptor cells. 
E)  is a G-protein.

Question 18

The process of transduction associated with membrane receptors is inextricably linked to

Accepted Answer

A)  a stimulus interacting with peripheral membrane proteins. 
B)  ion channels present in the membrane. 
C)  the establishment of a transmembrane potential. 
D)  ions moving up their concentration gradient. 
E)  none of these.

Question 19

Pupillary constriction results from contraction of the ________ muscle of the iris as a consequence of ________ stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  circular; sympathetic 
B)  circular ; parasympathetic 
C)  radial; sympathetic 
D)  radial; parasympathetic 
E)  suspensory; somatic motor

Question 20

In mammals, contraction of the ciliary muscle of the eye leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased pupil size. 
B)  increased pupil size. 
C)  increased curvature of the lens. 
D)  decreased curvature of the lens. 
E)  squinting.

Exam 6: Sensory Physiology

A tonic receptor

Experiencing pain through the fast pain pathway has the obvious benefit of eliciting a withdrawal reflex to prevent further damage from the painful stimulus. What benefit do you think might be derived from experiencing persistent dull pain through the slow pain pathway?

In which portion of the photoreceptor is the light detecting pigment found?

The vertebrate eye has a blind spot because it is formed through a series of invaginations of the epidermis.

Which of the following pairs are NOT related in any way?

Phototransduction in invertebrates differs from that in vertebrates in that in invertebrates

Light induced phototransduction in both compound eyes and vertebrate eyes involves depolarization of the photoreceptors cells, rods and cones.

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Mechanoreceptor

Animal communication in oceans occurs best at low frequencies because salts in seawater absorb high-frequency sounds.

Most deep-sea dwelling organisms have evolved L (red) cones as a way to compensate for the diminished penetration of blue wavelength light into the deep sea.

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Acuity

The cochlea of each ear contains about 16,000 hair cells. Even though they are in the minority, it is the ____________ hair cells that are principally responsible for transducing sound waves into what we perceive as sound sensations.

It is believed that the group of channels responsible for sensing osmotic stress evolved first. This group of channels are

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Electroreceptors

The term optic radiations refers to

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Transducin

The process of transduction associated with membrane receptors is inextricably linked to

Pupillary constriction results from contraction of the muscle of the iris as a consequence of stimulation.

In mammals, contraction of the ciliary muscle of the eye leads to